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Associations between gut microbiota and thyroidal function status in Chinese patients with Graves’ disease

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Abstract

Objective

The imbalance of gut microbiota has been linked to manifold endocrine diseases, but the association with Graves’ disease (GD) is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between human gut microbiota and clinical characteristics and thyroidal functional status of GD.

Methods

14 healthy volunteers (CG) and 15 patients with primary GD (HG) were recruited as subjects. 16SrDNA high-throughput sequencing was performed on IlluminaMiSeq platform to analyze the characteristics of gut microbiota in patients with GD. Among them, the thyroid function of 13 patients basically recovered after treatment with anti-thyroid drugs (oral administration of Methimazole for 3–5 months). The fecal samples of patients after treatment (TG) were sequenced again, to further explore and investigate the potential relationship between dysbacteriosis and GD.

Results

In terms of alpha diversity index, the observed OTUs, Simpson and Shannon indices of gut microbiota in patients with GD were significantly lower than those in healthy volunteers (P < 0.05).The difference of bacteria species was mainly reflected in the genus level, in which the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Veillonella and Streptococcus increased significantly in GD. After the improvement of thyroid function, a significant reduction at the genus level were Blautia, Corynebacter, Ruminococcus and Streptococcus, while Phascolarctobacterium increased significantly (P < 0.05). According to Spearman correlation analysis, the correlation between the level of thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) and the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus was positive, while Synergistetes and Phascolarctobacterium showed a negative correlation with TRAb. Besides, there were highly significant negative correlation between Synergistetes and clinical variables of TRAb, TPOAb and TGAb (P < 0.05, R <  − 0.6).

Conclusions

This study revealed that functional status and TRAb level in GD were associated with composition and biological function in the gut microbiota, with Synergistetes and Phascolarctobacterium protecting the thyroid probably, while Ruminococcus and Lactobacillus may be novel biomarkers of GD.

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Funding

This study was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81774134 and No. 81873174); Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China (No. BK20150558 and No. BK20171331); Postdoctoral Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China (No. 1501120C); Jiangsu Province 333 Talent Funding Project (No. BRA2017595); Young Medical Key Talents Project of Jiangsu Province (No. QNRC2016902); Key Research and Development Plan Project of Jiangsu Province—Social Development Projects (No. BE2020701).

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Author notes

  1. J. Chen, W. Wang and Z. Guo contributed equally to this work.

  2. S. Huang, H. Lei, P. Zang and B. Lu jointly supervised this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, Southeast Univ, Sch Med, Nanjing, China

    J. Chen

  2. Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Med Univ, Nanjing, China

    Z. Guo

  3. Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China

    H. Lei

  4. Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Univ, Sch Med, Nanjing, China

    W. Wang, S. Huang, P. Zang, B. Lu, J. Shao & P. Gu

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Contributions

CJ, SJQ and GP contributed to the conception and design of this study. Data preparation, sample collection, data collection and analysis were conducted by CJ, WW, GZH, HSS, LHY, ZP and LB The first draft of the paper was written by CJ, and all authors participated in revising the previous version of the manuscript. All the authors have read and approved the final paper.

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Chen, J., Wang, W., Guo, Z. et al. Associations between gut microbiota and thyroidal function status in Chinese patients with Graves’ disease. J Endocrinol Invest 44, 1913–1926 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-021-01507-6

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