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Survival Analysis and Socio-Cognitive Factors in the Timing of COVID-19 Vaccination Among Mexican-Origin Youth

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Abstract

Objective

The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected ethnic minority populations and exacerbated preexisting health disparities. The current study aims to promote vaccine uptake among Mexican-origin youth from immigrant families by examining their time to COVID-19 vaccine uptake and assessing the influence of demographic, cognitive, and social factors on the incidence of COVID-19 vaccination.

Methods

The study conducted Survival Analysis using a Cox proportional hazards model based on a sample of 202 Mexican-origin youth (61.39% female; Mage = 20.41) with data collected from August 2021 to January 2023 in central Texas.

Results

The results show a critical time period for vaccine uptake (i.e., in the first six months after the vaccines were publicly available), evidenced by a surge decrease in COVID-19 unvaccination probability. In addition, more positive attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine (Hazard ratio/HR = 1.89, 95% Confidence Interval/CI = [1.64, 2.18]), greater motivation (HR = 2.29, 95% CI = [1.85, 2.85]), higher education levels (HR = 1.52, 95% CI = [1.24, 1.86]), and fewer general barriers to COVID-19 vaccine knowledge (HR = 0.75, 95% CI = [0.60, 0.94]) were associated with greater incidences of receiving COVID-19 vaccines at any given time point during the pandemic.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that COVID-19 vaccine uptake among Mexican-origin youth occurred primarily within the initial months of vaccines being publicly distributed. To encourage vaccination among Mexican-origin youth, sustained COVID-19 vaccine promotion efforts are needed by targeting their motivation and positive attitudes and reducing barriers to vaccine information, particularly for youth with lower education levels.

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Funding

Support for this research was provided through awards to Su Yeong Kim from (1) National Science Foundation, Division of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences, 1651128 and 0956123, (2) National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities 1R21MD012706-01A1 and 3R21MD-012706-02S1, (3) Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development 5R03HD060045-02, (4) Russell Sage Foundation, 2699 (5) Spencer Foundation, 10023427 (6) Hogg Foundation for Mental Health JRG-102, (7) Office of the Vice President for Research and Creative Grant and Special Research Grant from the University of Texas at Austin, (8) College of Natural Sciences Catalyst Grant from the University of Texas at Austin, and (9) Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development 5P2CHD042849-20 and grant T32HD007081-45 awarded to the Population Research Center at The University of Texas at Austin.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA

    Su Yeong Kim, Wen Wen, Yayu Du & Hin Wing Tse

  2. Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA

    Kiera M. Coulter

  3. Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA

    Yang Hou

  4. Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Shanting Chen

  5. School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA

    Yishan Shen

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  1. Su Yeong Kim
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  2. Wen Wen
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  4. Yayu Du
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Contributions

Su Yeong Kim: Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing - original draft, Writing - review and editing. Wen Wen: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing - original draft. Kiera M. Coulter: Writing - original draft. Yayu Du: Writing - original draft. Hin Wing Tse: Methodology, Writing - review and editing. Yang Hou: Methodology, Writing - review and editing. Shanting Chen: Methodology, Writing - review and editing. Yishan Shen: Methodology, Writing - review and editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Su Yeong Kim.

Ethics declarations

Ethical Approval

This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Institutional Review Board at the University of Texas at Austin, protocol number 2015-01-0006.

Consent to Participate

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Competing Interests

The authors report there are no competing interests to declare.

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Kim, S.Y., Wen, W., Coulter, K.M. et al. Survival Analysis and Socio-Cognitive Factors in the Timing of COVID-19 Vaccination Among Mexican-Origin Youth. J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-024-01995-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-024-01995-1

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