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Factors associated with HIV Testing within the National Health Interview Survey (2006–2018)

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Abstract   

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that individuals aged 13–64 test for HIV at least once during their lifetime. However, screening has been disproportionate among racial/ethnic populations. Using the National Health Interview Survey data (2006–2018), we examined HIV screening prevalence within racial/ethnic groups in the United States (US), and factors associated with testing among 301,191 individuals. This consisted of 195,696 White, 42,409 Black, 47,705 Hispanic and 15,381 Asian individuals. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to estimate the association between ever testing for HIV and demographic, socioeconomic and health-related factors. Approximately 36% of White, 61% of Black, 47% of Hispanic and 36% of Asian individuals reported ever testing for HIV. Hispanic (OR = 1.28, 95% CI [1.25–1.32]) and Black individuals (OR = 2.44, 95% CI [2.38–2.50]) had higher odds of HIV testing, whereas Asian individuals (OR = 0.74, 95% CI [0.71–0.77]) had lower odds of HIV testing compared to White individuals. Individuals who identified as males, married, between the ages of 18–26 years or greater than or equal to 50 years were less likely to ever test for HIV compared to their counterparts. Similarly, those with lower education, lower income, better self-reported health, no health professional visits or living in the midwestern US were less likely to ever test for HIV compared to their counterparts (OR range: 0.14–0.92). Understanding the factors associated with HIV testing opens opportunities to increase testing rates for all and reduce health disparities in HIV detection.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Stanford Center for Asian Health Research and Education and the Chi-Li Pao Foundation for project and conference support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Stanford Center for Asian Health Research and Education, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA

    Armaan Jamal, Malathi Srinivasan, Gloria Kim & Sanah Vohra

  2. Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross Research Building Room 1064, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA

    Armaan Jamal

  3. Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA

    Malathi Srinivasan

  4. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA

    Gloria Kim

  5. Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA

    Andrew B. Nevins

  6. David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Sanah Vohra

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Contributions

Armaan Jamal: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing—original draft, Writing— -review & editing. Malathi Srinivasan: Conceptualization, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Writing—review & editing. Gloria Kim: Conceptualization, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Writing—review & editing. Andrew Nevins: Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing—review & editing. Sanah Vohra: Conceptualization, Methodology, Visualization, Resources, Supervision, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing.

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Correspondence to Armaan Jamal.

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Jamal, A., Srinivasan, M., Kim, G. et al. Factors associated with HIV Testing within the National Health Interview Survey (2006–2018). J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-023-01728-w

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