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Pan-immune inflammation value; a novel biomarker reflecting inflammation associated with frailty

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Abstract

Background

Frailty is suggested to be associated with age-related changes in the immune system, namely immunosenescence. Few studies have investigated the association of frailty with circulating immune biomarkers reflecting immunosenescence. Pan-immune inflammation value (PIV) is a new composite circulating immune biomarker to predict inflammation status.

Aim

This study aimed to assess the relationship between PIV and frailty.

Methods

A total of 405 geriatric patients were enrolled in the study. All participants underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment. The comorbidity burden was evaluated with Charlson Comorbidity Index. Frailty status was evaluated via the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), and patients with CFS scores ≥ 5 were defined as living with frailty. PIV was calculated using the formula: (Neutrophil × monocyte × platelet)/lymphocyte. Patients were defined as PIV-low (≤ 372) and PIV-high (> 372).

Results

The median age of participants was 72 (IQR = 67–78) years and; 63.0% (n = 225) were female. Patients were divided into two categories (i.e., robust and living with frailty groups), and 320 (79.0%) and 85 (21.0%) patients were in each group, respectively. Median PIV was higher in the living with frailty group (p = 0.008). In the linear and logistic regression analyses, both PIV and PIV-high (> 372) were significantly associated with frailty independently of confounders.

Discussion and conclusion

This is the first study revealing the relationship between PIV and frailty. PIV may be seen as a novel biomarker reflecting inflammation associated with frailty.

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Acknowledgements

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Funding

This research did not receive any funding from agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Hacettepe University Medical School, Altindag, Ankara, Turkey

    Arzu Okyar Baş, Merve Güner, Serdar Ceylan, Merve Hafızoğlu, Zeynep Şahiner, Burcu Balam Doğu, Meltem Gülhan Halil, Mustafa Cankurtaran & Cafer Balcı

Authors
  1. Arzu Okyar Baş
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  2. Merve Güner
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  3. Serdar Ceylan
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  4. Merve Hafızoğlu
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  5. Zeynep Şahiner
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  6. Burcu Balam Doğu
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  7. Meltem Gülhan Halil
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  8. Mustafa Cankurtaran
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  9. Cafer Balcı
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Contributions

AOB, and CB equally contributed to the conception and design of the research; AOB, MG, SC, ZŞ and MH equally contributed to the acquisition and analysis of the data; AOB, MH, BBD and MC equally contributed to the interpretation of the data; AOB, and CB critically revised the manuscript and drafted the manuscript. All authors agree to be fully accountable for ensuring the integrity and accuracy of the work and read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Arzu Okyar Baş.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Human and animal rights

The study's ethics approval has taken from the Ankara Hacettepe University Department of Medicine clinical research ethics committee, and the decision number is 2022/13–26 (GO 22/771). All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Okyar Baş, A., Güner, M., Ceylan, S. et al. Pan-immune inflammation value; a novel biomarker reflecting inflammation associated with frailty. Aging Clin Exp Res 35, 1641–1649 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-023-02457-0

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