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Muscle adaptation in response to a high-intensity interval training in obese older adults: effect of daily protein intake distribution

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Abstract

Background

Aging is associated with declines in muscle mass, strength and quality, leading to physical impairments. An even protein distribution in daily meals has recently been proposed along with adequate total protein intake as important modulators of muscle mass. In addition, due to its short duration, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been highlighted as a promising intervention to prevent physical deterioration. However, the interaction between daily protein intake distribution and HIIT intervention in elderlies remain unknown.

Objective

To investigate muscle adaptation following HIIT in older adults according to daily protein intake distribution.

Methods

Thirty sedentary obese subjects who completed a 12-week elliptical HIIT program were matched [criteria: age (± 2 years), sex, BMI (± 2 kg/m2)] and divided a posteriori into 2 groups according to the amount of protein ingested at each meal: < 20 g in at least one meal (P20−, n = 15, 66.8 ± 3.7 years) and ≥ 20 g in each meal (P20+, n = 15, 68.1 ± 4.1 years). Body composition, functional capacity, muscle strength, muscle power, physical activity level, and nutritional intakes were measured pre- and post-intervention. A two way repeated ANOVA was used to determine the effect of the intervention (HIIT) and protein distribution (P20− vs P20+, p < 0.05).

Results

No difference was observed at baseline between groups. Following the HIIT intervention, we observed a significant decrease in waist and hip circumferences and improvements in functional capacities in both P20− and P20 + group (p < 0.05). However, no protein distribution effect was observed.

Conclusion

A 12-week HIIT program is achievable and efficient to improve functional capacities as well as body composition in obese older adults. However, consuming at least 20 g of proteins in every meal does not further enhance muscle performance in response to a 12-week HIIT intervention.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the Fonds de Recherche du Québec en Santé (FRQS) - Université du Québec à Montréal fund and by the Quebec Network for Research on Aging, a thematic network supported by the FRQS (QNRA-FRQS) and the Canada Foundation for Innovation. MAL is recipient of Chercheur Boursier Junior 2 salary awards from the FRQS. DM is recipient of PhD scholarship from the FRQS. The authors are grateful to all the volunteers for their participation in this study and to Carole Roy for her technical support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Département des Sciences de l’activité physique, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée (GRAPA), Université du Québec à Montréal, Pavillon Sciences Biologiques, SB-4615, 141, Avenue du Président Kennedy, Montréal, QC, H2X 1Y4, Canada

    F. Buckinx, V. Marcangeli, G. El Hajj Boutros & M. Aubertin-Leheudre

  2. Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, Canada

    F. Buckinx, V. Marcangeli, G. El Hajj Boutros, M. C. Dulac & M. Aubertin-Leheudre

  3. WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Ageing, Liège, Belgium

    F. Buckinx

  4. Département de médecine de l’Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada

    P. Gaudreau

  5. Division of Geriatric Medicine, McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada

    J. A. Morais

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Buckinx, F., Gaudreau, P., Marcangeli, V. et al. Muscle adaptation in response to a high-intensity interval training in obese older adults: effect of daily protein intake distribution. Aging Clin Exp Res 31, 863–874 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-019-01149-y

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