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The association of serum levels of zinc and vitamin D with wasting among Iranian pre-school children

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Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

Wasting is a main indicator of Child’s undernutrition that is associated with several non-communicable diseases and child mortality. This is the first population-based study which evaluated the association of serum zinc and vitamin D levels with wasting in a Middle East region. We also reported the prevalence of vitamin D and zinc deficiencies among Iranian pre-school children aged 6 years.

Methods

This was a multicenter cross-sectional study that included 425 children aged between 5 and 7 years (on average 6 years) with BMI-for-age Z-scores of < − 1 SD resident in urban and rural areas of Iran in the spring of 2012 as part of the National Integrated Micronutrient Survey 2 (NIMS-2). Anthropometric measurements and blood sampling were obtained. The prevalence of vitamin D and zinc deficiencies together with the correlations of these variables with the increase of BMI-for-age Z-scores were evaluated.

Results

The prevalence of vitamin D and zinc deficiencies was 18.8% and 12.7%, respectively. In addition, 31.1% of children were wasted. Children in the second tertile of 25(OH)D levels were less likely to have wasting compared with those in the first tertile in both crude and adjusted models (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.27–0.83). A significant inverse association was found between serum levels of zinc and wasting (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.34–0.96); such that after adjusting for confounders, children in the highest tertile of serum zinc had 47% less odds of wasting compared with those in the first tertile (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.31–0.91).

Conclusion

The prevalence of vitamin D and zinc deficiencies among Iranian pre-school children aged 6 years was 18.8 and 12.7%, respectively. Serum levels of vitamin D and zinc were inversely associated with wasting either before or after controlling for confounders.

Level of evidence

Level III, case–control analytic studies.

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Acknowledgements

This work is a collaboration of Nutrition Department, Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME), and School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. We also would like to thank the authorities of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, for their cooperation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran

    Pegah Nasiri-babadi, Omid Sadeghi, Fereydoun Siassi, Ahmadreza Dorosty, Ahmad Esmaillzadeh & Hamed Pouraram

  2. Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Mehdi Sadeghian

  3. Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Mehdi Sadeghian

  4. Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Omid Sadeghi

  5. Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Ahmad Esmaillzadeh

  6. Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

    Ahmad Esmaillzadeh

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  1. Pegah Nasiri-babadi
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Correspondence to Hamed Pouraram.

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This study was supported by Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

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All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards, by 1396.3068.

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Nasiri-babadi, P., Sadeghian, M., Sadeghi, O. et al. The association of serum levels of zinc and vitamin D with wasting among Iranian pre-school children. Eat Weight Disord 26, 211–218 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-019-00834-1

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