Abstract
The use of pond ash for the construction of road embankments is a prudent method of its utilization. However, the pond ash at different locations exhibits spatial diversity in the ash pond itself due to its hydraulic deposition in slurry form through pipes in the disposal site. The characteristics of pond ash are not uniform over the entire spread of ash pond. The current study focuses on the shear strength and liquefaction response of several pond ash specimens (S0-S100) with different percentages of coarse content, where S0 indicated the fine pond ash (Particle size: 75 μm-5 μm) and S100 represents coarse pond ash (Particle size: 4.75 mm-75 μm). Direct shear (DS), Consolidated undrained (CU) triaxial, Bender element and Cyclic simple shear (CSS) tests were performed on several pond ash specimens (S0, S20, S40, S60, S70, S80, S90, S100). The DS results indicated a rapid increase in the angle of internal friction from 31º to 39º for S0 to S100 specimens, respectively. The peak deviatoric stress and dilative response increased with increasing coarse content (0% to 100%; S0 to S100) under CU triaxial conditions. The CSS test results exhibited a large increase in liquefaction resistance with increasing coarse content (0%-100%). In bender element tests, small strain shear modulus response exhibited similar results for all pond specimens with coarse content (0% to 100%).
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Data Availability
The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on the request.
Abbreviations
- B:
-
Skempton’s pore pressure parameter
- OMC:
-
Optimum moisture content
- MDD:
-
Maximum dry density
- SEM:
-
Scanning electron microscope
- Cc :
-
Compression index
- DS:
-
Direct shear
- CU:
-
Consolidated undrained
- CSS:
-
Cyclic simple shear
- BE:
-
Bender element
- k:
-
Coefficient of permeability
- c:
-
Cohesion parameter
- ϕ:
-
Angle of friction
- q:
-
Shear stress
- p':
-
Mean effective stress
- σd :
-
Deviatoric stress
- (σd)f :
-
Deviatoric stress at failure
- εf :
-
Axial strain at failure
- uf :
-
Excess pore pressure at failure
- G:
-
Shear modulus
- D:
-
Damping ratio
- NL :
-
Number of cycles to liquefaction
- ru :
-
Excess pore pressure ratio
- Gmax :
-
Small strain shear modulus
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Acknowledgements
Financial support from IIT Gandhinagar is gratefully acknowledged. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of IIT Gandhinagar.
Funding
The research is funded by IIT Gandhinagar.
IIT Gandhinagar has provided access to all the research facility and purchase of consumables and contingency for this research work. Stipend of MTech (HL) and PhD student (AS) was also funded by IIT Gandhinagar. Designing the research problem, performing experiments, data analysis and writing paper have been solely the responsibility of the faculty member (AS), not the Institute (IIT Gandhinagar).
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HL: She has conducted all the experiments. She has also completed basic data analysis of the all the Cyclic simple shear, Bender element and Advanced triaxial tests including basic soil testing.
AS (Aparna S): She has trained/helped HL to conduct advanced data analysis of data of cyclic simple shear, bender element and advanced triaxial tests. AS has also created figures and tables for the paper using basic data analysis done by HL.
AS (Ajanta S): She has introduced this research ideas. She has helped in writing the paper and done review and editing this research work in all the phases of paper publishing.
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AS (Aparna S): PhD student; HL: MTech student
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Shrivastava, A., Luhar, H. & Sachan, A. An Experimental Investigation on Shear Strength and Liquefaction Response of Pond Ash for Road Embankment Construction. Transp. Infrastruct. Geotech. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40515-023-00324-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40515-023-00324-z