Skip to main content
Log in

Assessment of the Load–Deformation Behaviour of Rubber Fibre–Reinforced Cemented Clayey Soil

  • Technical Paper
  • Published:
Transportation Infrastructure Geotechnology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

A Correction to this article was published on 15 April 2019

This article has been updated

Abstract

The utilisation of end-of-life tires nowadays has become a matter of great distress across the globe when left unattended. These tires have been proved to be a malady on the environment causing severe pollution and health hazards. Hence, the potential use of end-of-life tires has been crucial, especially due to the uncontrolled population rise in urban areas which demands construction on undesirable soil. This paper examines the load–deformation behaviour of rubber fibre–reinforced cemented clayey soil through laboratory tests such as unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and split tensile strength (STS) tests. The clayey soil was stabilised with 3 and 6% cement content, and the inclusion level of rubber fibres was kept at 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10%. A total of 360 specimens, 180 specimens each for the UCS and STS tests, were prepared in accordance with their optimum moisture content and maximum dry unit weight and cured for 7, 14 and 28 days. The study revealed that adding rubber fibres (up to 2.5%) to clayey soil leads to marginal improvement in UCS and STS. Note that by inclusion of rubber fibres to cemented clayey soil causes a decrease of UCS and STS. Maximum increase of absolute toughness and toughness index of cemented clayey soil was observed with the addition of 7.5% rubber fibres. Test results showed that inspite of the decrease in UCS and STS of cemented clayey soil with the augmentation of rubber fibre content, there were decreases in initial stiffness and improvements on ductility and hardening in the post-peak region. From this study, it could be concluded that rubber fibres up to 7.5% can be incorporated in the cemented clayey soil.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16

Similar content being viewed by others

Change history

  • 15 April 2019

    The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The name of the second author was spelled incorrectly. The correct name of the second author is “Shaik Hussain.”

References

  1. Thomas, B.S., Gupta, R.C., Kalla, P., Cseteneyi, L.: Strength, abrasion and permeation characteristics of cement concrete containing discarded rubber fine aggregates. Constr. Build. Mater. 59, 204–212 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.01.074

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. End-of-life Tyre Report, European Tyre & Rubber Manufacturers Association, 2015. (2015)

  3. Japan Automobile Tyre Manufacturers Association, I.: Tyre Industry of Japan. (2016)

  4. Thomas, B.S., Gupta, R.C.: Long term behaviour of cement concrete containing discarded tire rubber. J. Clean. Prod. 102, 78–87 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.04.072

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Abbaspour, M., Aflaki, E., Moghadas Nejad, F.: Reuse of waste tire textile fibers as soil reinforcement. J. Clean. Prod. 207, 1059–1071 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.09.253

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Yadav, J.S., Tiwari, S.K.: The impact of end-of-life tires on the mechanical properties of fine-grained soil: a review. Environ. Dev. Sustain. 1–84 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-017-0054-2

  7. Tang, C., Shi, B., Gao, W., Chen, F., Cai, Y.: Strength and mechanical behavior of short polypropylene fiber reinforced and cement stabilized clayey soil. Geotext. Geomembr. 25, 194–202 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2006.11.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Fatahi, B., Khabbaz, H., Fatahi, B.: Mechanical characteristics of soft clay treated with fibre and cement. Geosynth. Int. 19, 252–262 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1680/gein.12.00012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Nguyen, L., Fatahi, B.: Behaviour of clay treated with cement & fibre while capturing cementation degradation and fibre failure—C3F model. Int. J. Plast. 81, 168–195 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijplas.2016.01.015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Yadav, J.S., Tiwari, S.K.: Behaviour of cement stabilized treated coir fibre-reinforced clay-pond ash mixtures. J. Build. Eng. 8, 131–140 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2016.10.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Kumar, A., Gupta, D.: Behavior of cement-stabilized fiber-reinforced pond ash, rice husk ash-soil mixtures. Geotext. Geomembr. 44, 466–474 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2015.07.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Kumar, A., Walia, B.S., Bajaj, A.: Influence of fly ash, lime, and polyester fibers on compaction and strength properties of expansive soil. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 19, 242–248 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2007)19:3(242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Yadav, J.S., Tiwari, S.K., Shekhwat, P.: Strength behaviour of clayey soil mixed with pond ash, cement and randomly distributed fibres. Transp. Infrastruct. Geotechnol. 5, 191–209 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40515-018-0056-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Pradhan, P.K., Kar, R.K., Naik, A.: Effect of random inclusion of polypropylene fibers on strength characteristics of cohesive soil. Geotech. Geol. Eng. 30, 15–25 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-011-9445-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Cetin, H., Fener, M., Gunaydin, O.: Geotechnical properties of tire-cohesive clayey soil mixtures as a fill material. Eng. Geol. 88, 110–120 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2006.09.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Jafari, M., Esna-Ashari, M.: Cold regions science and technology effect of waste tire cord reinforcement on unconfined compressive strength of lime stabilized clayey soil under freeze–thaw condition. Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 82, 21–29 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2012.05.012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Kalkan, E.: Preparation of scrap tire rubber fiber-silica fume mixtures for modification of clayey soils. Appl. Clay Sci. 80–81, 117–125 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2013.06.014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Cabalar, A.F., Karabash, Z., Mustafa, W.S.: Stabilising a clay using tyre buffings and lime. Road Mater Pavement. Des. 15, 872–891 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2014.939697

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Signes, C.H., Garzón-Roca, J., Martínez Fernández, P., Garrido de la Torre, M.E., Insa Franco, R.: Swelling potential reduction of Spanish argillaceous marlstone facies tap soil through the addition of crumb rubber particles from scrap tyres. Appl. Clay Sci. 132–133, 768–773 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2016.07.027

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Yadav, J.S., Tiwari, S.K.: Effect of waste rubber fibres on the geotechnical properties of clay stabilized with cement. Appl. Clay Sci. 149, 97–110 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2017.07.037

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Chan, C.M.: Strength and stiffness of a cement-stabilised lateritic soil with granulated rubber addition. Gr Improv. 165, 41–52 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1680/grim.2012.165.1.41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Al-Tabbaa, A., Blackwell, O., Porter, S.A.: An investigation into the geotechnical properties of soil-tyre mixtures. Environ. Technol. 18, 855–860 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1080/09593331808616605

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Al-Tabbaa, A., Aravinthan, T.: Natural clay-shredded tire mixtures as landfill barrier materials. Waste Manag. 18, 9–16 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-053X(98)00002-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Seda, J.H., Lee, J.C., Antonio, J., Carraro, H.: Beneficial use of waste tire rubber for swelling potential mitigation in expansive soils. In: Soil Improvement (2007)

  25. Dunham-Friel, J., Carraro, J.A.: Effects of compaction effort , inclusion stiffness and rubber size on the shear strength and stiffness of. In: Geo-Congress 2014. pp. 3635–3644 (2014)

  26. Chan, C.: Mechanical properties of clayey sand treated with cement-rubbershreds. Civ Eng Dimens. 14, 7–12 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Afolagboye, L.O., Talabi, A.O.: Effect of curing time on unconfined compressive strength of lateritic soil stabilized with tyre ash. IMPACT Int. J. Res. Appl. Nat. Soc. Sci. 2, 189–200 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Priyadarshee, A., Gupta, D., Kumar, V., Sharma, V., Fly, Á., Ash, F.: Comparative study on performance of tire crumbles with fly ash and kaolin clay. Int. J. Geosynth. Gr. Eng. 1(1–7), (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40891-015-0033-3

  29. Amjera, B., Tiwari, B., Koirala, J., Obaid, Z.: Compaction characteristics , unconfined compressive strengths, and coefficients of permeability of fine-grained soils mixed with crumb-rubber tire. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 29, 1–10 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001989

    Google Scholar 

  30. Cokca, E., Yilmaz, Z.: Use of rubber and bentonite added fly ash as a liner material. Waste Manag. 24, 153–164 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2003.10.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Yadav, J.S., Tiwari, S.K.: Evaluation of the strength characteristics of cement-stabilized clay–crumb rubber mixtures for its sustainable use in geotechnical applications. Environ. Dev. Sustain. 20, 1961–1985 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-017-9972-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Akbulut, S., Arasan, S., Kalkan, E.: Modification of clayey soils using scrap tire rubber and synthetic fibers. Appl. Clay Sci. 38, 23–32 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2007.02.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Otoko, G.R., Pedro, P.P.: Cement stabilization of laterite and Chikoko soils using waste rubber fibre. Int. J. Eng. Sci. Res. Technol. 3, 130–136 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Tajdini, M., Nabizadeh, A., Taherkhani, H., Zartaj, H.: Effect of added waste rubber on the properties and failure mode of kaolinite clay. Int. J. Civ. Eng. 1(10), 949–958 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40999-016-0057-7

    Google Scholar 

  35. Hambirao, G.S., Rakaraddi, P.G.: Soil stabilization using waste shredded rubber tyre chips. IOSR J. Mech Civ. Eng. 11, 20–27 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Tafti, M.F., Emadi, M.Z.: Impact of using recycled tire fibers on the mechanical properties of clayey and sandy soils. Electron. J. Geotech. Eng. 21, 7113–7225 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Gupta, T., Chaudhary, S., Sharma, R.K.: Mechanical and durability properties of waste rubber fiber concrete with and without silica fume. J. Clean. Prod. 112, 702–711 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.07.081

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. IS 2720-8.: Methods of Test for Soils, Part 8: Determination of Water Content-Dry Density Relation Using Heavy Compaction (1983)

  39. IS 2720-10.: Methods of Test for Soils, Part 10: Determination of Unconfined Compressive Strength (1991)

  40. ASTM: C496-96, Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Yadav, J.S., Tiwari, S.K.: Influence of crumb rubber on the geotechnical properties of clayey soil. Environ. Dev. Sustain. 20, 2565–2586 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-017-0005-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Yadav, J.S., Tiwari, S.K.: Assessment of geotechnical properties of uncemented/cemented clayey soil incorporated with waste crumb rubber. J. Mater. Eng. Struct. 4, 37–50 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  43. Guleria, S.P., Dutta, R.K.: Tension and compression behaviour of fly ash-lime-gypsum composite mixed with treated tyre chips. ISRN Civ. Eng. 2011, 1–15 (2011). https://doi.org/10.5402/2011/310742

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Sobhan, K., Mashnad, M.: Tensile strength and toughness of soil – cement – fly-ash composite reinforced with recycled high-density polyethylene strips. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 14, 177–184 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2002)14:2(177

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Yadav, J.S., Tiwari, S.K.: Effect of inclusion of crumb rubber on the unconfined compressive strength and wet-dry durability of cement stabilized clayey soil. J. Build Mater. Struct. 3, 68–84 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  46. Yadav, J.S., Tiwari, S.K.: A study on the potential utilization of crumb rubber in cement treated soft clay. J. Build Eng. 9, 177–191 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2017.01.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the staff of Geotechnical Laboratory for their support in carrying out the laboratory experiments at Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. The authors would also like to pay sincere thanks to the esteemed reviewers for their valuable comments for the improvement in the quality of the paper.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jitendra Singh Yadav.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The name of the second author was spelled incorrectly. The correct name of the second author is “Shaik Hussain.”

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yadav, J.S., Hussain, S., Tiwari, S.K. et al. Assessment of the Load–Deformation Behaviour of Rubber Fibre–Reinforced Cemented Clayey Soil. Transp. Infrastruct. Geotech. 6, 105–136 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40515-019-00073-y

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40515-019-00073-y

Keywords

Navigation