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Enhancement of grain yield in rice under combined drought and high-temperature stress conditions by maintaining photosynthesis through antioxidant enzyme activities by melatonin

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Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is susceptible to drought or high-temperature stress, and the response of rice to combined drought and high-temperature stress was not studied in detail under field condition. Moreover, rice will be susceptible to combined drought and high-temperature stress during its sensitive phases. Melatonin is recognized as a multifunctional hormone that plays a pivotal role in plant stress defense mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of melatonin under combined drought and high-temperature stress conditions in rice. A field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with four replications. Five treatments viz., (i) absolute control (no stress and no melatonin application), (ii) stress control (combined drought and high-temperature stress and no melatonin spray), (iii) combined stress + application of 200 µM melatonin as a seed treatment, (iv) combined stress + application of 200 µM melatonin as a foliar spray, and (v) combined stress + application of 200 µM melatonin as seed treatment and foliar spray. Combined drought and high-temperature stress were applied during the flowering stage for 15 days. Results showed that combined drought and high-temperature stress significantly decreased the chlorophyll index, photosystem II quantum yield, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate due to membrane damage. In contrast, the application of melatonin @ 200 µM increased the antioxidant enzymes viz. superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase activities. The enhanced antioxidant enzymatic activity prevented membrane damage and improved the gas exchange traits, nitrogen metabolism (nitrate reductase activity, proline, and soluble protein content), and yield-related traits in rice under combined drought and high-temperature stress conditions.

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Acknowledgements

We are most grateful to the Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India for offering DST-INSPIRE Fellowship and financial support to complete this research work. We would like to thank all our colleagues and students who have helped this research.

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  1. Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India

    Arun Kumar Kathirvel, Kalarani M. Karuppasami, Vijayalakshmi Dhashnamurthi, Anitha Kuppusamy & Senthil Alagarsamy

  2. Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India

    Geethalakshmi Vellingiri

  3. Department of Plant Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India

    Raveendran Muthurajan

  4. Department of Physical Sciences and Information Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India

    Anandhi Venugopal

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Contributions

Conceptualization, AKK, KMK, VD, GV, RM, and AV; data curation, AKK, KMK, VD; formal analysis, KMK; investigation, KMK, and VD; methodology, AKK, KMK, VD, GV, RM and AV; supervision, KMK, and VD; validation, KMK; writing—original draft, AKK, AK, SA, and KMK; writing—review and editing, KMK, VD, AK, SA, and AV All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Kalarani M. Karuppasami.

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Kathirvel, A.K., Karuppasami, K.M., Dhashnamurthi, V. et al. Enhancement of grain yield in rice under combined drought and high-temperature stress conditions by maintaining photosynthesis through antioxidant enzyme activities by melatonin. Plant Physiol. Rep. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-023-00773-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-023-00773-1

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