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Periodontal Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease: the Impact of Oral Health on Inflammation and Nutrition in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

  • Oral Disease and Nutrition (F Nishimura, Section Editor)
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Many clinical studies have reported an association between periodontal disease and chronic kidney disease (CKD). This review aims to update the underlying mechanism and the findings of clinical studies.

Recent Findings

Basic research supports that inflammation might mediate the association between CKD and periodontal disease. Clinical evidence suggests that periodontal treatment improves renal function. Poor oral health has also been reported as a predictor of mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Summary

Although clinical data have demonstrated a significant association between inflammation in the periodontal tissue and CKD, well-designed studies are needed for a consensus to be widely adopted. Malnutrition and systemic chronic inflammation are often interrelated in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Periodontal disease may contribute to chronic inflammation, and it is possible that a low number of teeth may be involved in impaired nutritional intake in patients undergoing hemodialysis. A novel perspective on malnutrition might be needed to manage oral health in patients with CKD, especially those undergoing dialysis, in addition to conventional factors such as bacterial infection and inflammation.

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Funding

This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan (grant number: 19K10125 for KM and 20K18497 for RM).

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  1. Koji Mizutani and Risako Mikami contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan

    Koji Mizutani, Natsumi Saito, Eri Sakaniwa & Takanori Iwata

  2. Department of Lifetime Oral Health Care Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan

    Risako Mikami

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  1. Koji Mizutani
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Correspondence to Koji Mizutani.

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Mizutani, K., Mikami, R., Saito, N. et al. Periodontal Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease: the Impact of Oral Health on Inflammation and Nutrition in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis. Curr Oral Health Rep 9, 81–88 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40496-022-00313-0

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