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The Assessment and Treatment of Toileting Difficulties in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Other Developmental Disabilities

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Abstract

In 2009, Kroeger and Sorensen-Burnworth published a comprehensive review of the literature on toilet training individuals with autism spectrum disorder and other developmental disabilities. Their review highlighted that the majority of toilet training programs were modelled after Azrin and Foxx’s Rapid Toilet Training (RTT) method. The current study will review toilet training programs for the developmental disability population since 2009. Behaviourally based components of these programs will be described and their contribution to toilet training discussed. This study will also review the questionnaires available to assess toileting difficulties in this population, and their contribution to toilet training programs will also be reviewed.

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  1. Irish Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland

    Kady Francis, Arlene Mannion & Geraldine Leader

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  1. Kady Francis
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  2. Arlene Mannion
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  3. Geraldine Leader
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Correspondence to Geraldine Leader.

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Francis, K., Mannion, A. & Leader, G. The Assessment and Treatment of Toileting Difficulties in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Other Developmental Disabilities. Rev J Autism Dev Disord 4, 190–204 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40489-017-0107-3

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