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Comparison between lung ultrasonography and chest X-ray in the evaluation of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

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Abstract

Purpose

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), also known as hyaline membrane disease, is the most common clinical syndrome encountered among preterm infants, and the complications of the disease account for substantial mortality. Diagnosis of RDS is based on the clinical status of patients in correlation with laboratory parameters and chest X-ray. Lung ultrasound despite its wide use still is not incorporated into diagnostic algorithms. The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic ability of lung ultrasound in diagnosing respiratory distress syndrome as well as in the monitoring of the response to treatment. A secondary aim was to propose a modified ultrasound grading scale.

Methods

The prospective study included 150 neonates with clinical and radiographic signs of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome within the first 24 h of life, with different gestational age (≤ 35 weeks). Lung ultrasound was performed by two radiologists and correlated with a chest X-ray. Two gradation scales (ultrasound and X-ray) were compared and each scale was correlated with the patient’s clinical data.

Results

In comparison between ultrasound findings and X-ray results showed a statistically significant difference in a favor of ultrasound. Based on the presence of subpleural consolidations, further differentiation of ultrasound profiles were made into subgroups and new ultrasound classification have been proposed.

Conclusion

Our study showed that lung ultrasound enables the diagnosing of respiratory distress syndrome in premature neonates and also shows a significant correlation with chest X-ray, which is considered as a radiological method of choice for the diagnosis of RDS.

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Funding

The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submission of the manuscript. No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript. No funding was received for conducting this study. No funds, grants, or other support was received.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Radiology Clinic, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Bolnicka 25, 71000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

    Irmina Sefic Pasic

  2. Pediatric Radiology, Vall d’Hebron Hospital, Hospital Infantil, Passeig Vall d’Hebron, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain

    L. Riera Soler & E. Vazquez Mendez

  3. Neonatology, Hospital Universitario Materno-Infantil Vall d’Hebrón, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d’Hebron, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain

    F. Castillo Salinas

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  1. Irmina Sefic Pasic
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Correspondence to Irmina Sefic Pasic.

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Conflict of interest

The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. The authors have no competing interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article. All authors certify that they no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript. The authors have no financial or proprietary interest in any material discussed in this article.

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Study approved by Ethical committee of Clinical Center University of Sarajevo (no. 0302-19064).

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Sefic Pasic, I., Riera Soler, L., Vazquez Mendez, E. et al. Comparison between lung ultrasonography and chest X-ray in the evaluation of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. J Ultrasound 26, 435–448 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40477-022-00728-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40477-022-00728-6

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