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Intestinal and Extra-intestinal Complications of Typhoid Fever: an Update

  • HOT TOPICS IN TROPICAL MEDICINE (ME BOTTAZZI, R MEJIA, SECTION EDITORS)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Typhoid fever is one of the commonest global health burdens and has various local and systemic complications. The clinical picture may be more complex in concealed, untreated, or partially treated patients, which form a significant proportion of total cases. So, in this study, we aimed to identify recent and unique intestinal and extra-intestinal complications associated with typhoid fever.

Recent Findings

We searched the terms “Typhoid/Enteric fever AND complication” and “Salmonella Typhi AND complication” in online libraries like PubMed, Scopus, and Embase and collected the recent studies. A total of 45,078 studies were identified, and 42 were included in this study. Searches from various databases suggested that among intestinal complications, bleeding and perforation are more prevalent than other complications like acute pancreatitis, hepatic failure, and acalculus cholecystitis. Similarly, neurological complications, including delirium, are more prevalent than cardiac and respiratory system involvement among extra-intestinal features. The concurrent presence of different intestinal and extra-intestinal complexities is common and requires long-term management.

Summary

Typhoid fever has numerous complications, whose prompt identification and timely management are desirable to decrease morbidity and mortality.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Ibrahim A Bani for reviewing the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of General Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Level 4, D Block, Sector 32, Chandigarh, 160030, India

    Saurabh Gaba, Monica Gupta, Gautam Jesrani, Samiksha Gupta & Sarabmeet Singh Lehl

  2. Department of Pediatrics, Amrita School of Medicine, Faridabad, Haryana, India

    Ruchi Gaba

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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. The idea for the article was conceived by Saurabh Gaba and Monica Gupta. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Saurabh Gaba, Monica Gupta, Gautam Jesrani, and Samiksha Gupta. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Saurabh Gaba, Gautam Jesrani, and Samiksha Gupta, and all authors commented on all versions of the manuscript. Monica Gupta, Ruchi Gaba, and Sarabmeet Singh Lehl drafted and critically revised the work, and all authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Monica Gupta.

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Gaba, S., Gupta, M., Jesrani, G. et al. Intestinal and Extra-intestinal Complications of Typhoid Fever: an Update. Curr Trop Med Rep 10, 71–78 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40475-023-00285-w

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