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Mechanical properties and low-velocity impact analysis of camel hair and hybrid camel hair/flax fibre-reinforced epoxy

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Abstract

Composite plates structures are subjected to many damage problems under low-velocity impacts such delamination and matrix cracking, in order to know the importance of hybridisation on improving mechanical properties. This study explores the low-velocity impact behaviour of two composites: one reinforced with camel hair fibre/epoxy (CHF/Epoxy) and the other with a hybrid of camel hair and flax fibres camel hair fibre–flax fibre/epoxy (CHF-Flax/Epoxy). Static tests (tensile, compression, and bending) were conducted to characterise the mechanical properties of the composites. Impact tests were performed using a drop weight impact machine at three energy levels (3, 7, and 20 J). Particularly, the hybrid composite plate (camel hair fibre/epoxy) exhibited superior mechanical properties in static tests, leading to enhanced impact resistance compared to the composite plate (camel hair fibre/epoxy). Additionally, a numerical study was conducted using a 3D finite elements model. The Hashin criteria and the progressive damage model were used to predict intralaminar damage, and surface-based cohesive behaviour with quadratic stress failure criteria was used to predict delamination. The progressive damage model was coded and its implementation is conducted with a user-defined material subroutine (VUMAT) for Abaqus/Explicit. The damage mechanism and energy dissipation were observed at each energy level. Matrix cracking occurred first, followed by delamination. The 3D damage model was able to simulate the damage initiation and damage evolution until failure. The results of the model showed good agreement with experimental results in term of force, displacement and energy dissipation curves.

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All the data that support the findings of this study are available in this manuscript.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge for experimental support; Materials, Processes and Environment Research Unit of M’Hamed Bougara University Boumerdes. A special thank goes to S. Aït Hacene for his help.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Polytechnic School of Algiers, Dynamics of Engines and Vibroacoustic Laboratory, M’Hamed Bougara University of Boumerdes, Boumerdes, Algeria

    Amir Bencheikh

  2. Dynamics of Engines and Vibroacoustic Laboratory, F.T. M’Hamed Bougara University of Boumerdes, Boumerdes, Algeria

    Abdelkader Nour, Salah Aguib, Nourhane Attia, Toufik Djedid, Besma. R. Baali & Chouaib Aribi

  3. Quartz Laboratory (EA7393), Institut Supérieur de Mécanique de Paris, 3 Rue Fernand Hainaut, 93407, Saint-Ouen, France

    Jean B. Casimir

  4. Faculty of Technology, University of El Oued, 39000, El Oued, Algeria

    Mohamed T. Gherbi

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  1. Amir Bencheikh
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Contributions

BA and AN conceptualised the study, worked in methodology, investigation, data curation and writing. JBC contributed to methodology, investigation, resources and writing—original draft preparation. SA helped in original draft preparation data analysis and helped in validation. MTG helped in the investigation. NA assisted with the software and formal analysis. TD was involved in supervision and conceptualisation. BRB contributed to software and data curation. CA performed the experiment and data analysis. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Abdelkader Nour.

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Bencheikh, A., Nour, A., Casimir, J.B. et al. Mechanical properties and low-velocity impact analysis of camel hair and hybrid camel hair/flax fibre-reinforced epoxy. J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 46, 332 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-024-04900-3

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