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Characterizations and melting analysis of (amine) group-functionalized graphene mixed/doped with paraffin wax as phase change material for thermal management and thermal energy storage applications

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Abstract

Herein, the energy storage performance of amine (NH2)-functionalized graphene mixed with paraffin wax (PW) which comprises the advanced phase change material (PCM) is studied. The amine-functionalized graphene is mixed with PW in four different volume percentages like 0.25 volume %, 0.5 volume %, 0.75 volume %, and 1 volume %. Its thermal performance is measured in terms of accumulated or stored energy at three different flow rates 6.25, 12.5 and 25 ml/s of the heat transfer fluid (HTF) which is water, passing through the spiral-coiled heat exchanger surrounded by this hybrid/advanced PCM. This apparatus for measuring the thermal energy stored is known as thermal energy storage system (TESS). In case of NH2-functionalized graphene mixed with paraffin wax the charging (melting) time decreases by 12.5–43.75% for the HTF flow rate 6.25 ml/s, 13.33–53.34% for HTF flow rate 12.5 ml/s and 23.07–61.5% for the HTF flow rate 25 ml/s over pure paraffin wax owing to increasing percentage and thermal conductivity of NH2 group-functionalized graphene in paraffin wax. This advanced energy material is also characterized using material characterizations techniques like FTIR, XRD, FESEM, EDS, TGA, DSC, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity tests which help in determining the structure and properties.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are highly indebted to IIT KANPUR and Lovely professional university for providing facilities for the conduction of thermal conductivity related test and various characterization tests like FTIR, XRD, FESEM, EDS, DSC and TGA, respectively. The author also wants to thank ECOSENSE SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS, Delhi, India, for the procurement of thermal energy storage system equipment and paraffin wax PCM. The authors also convey their regards to Platonic nanotech Jharkhand, India, for supplying amine-functionalized graphene to them.

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No funding was received from any external organization as well as internal organization.

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  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, 281406, India

    Sumit Nagar

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  1. Sumit Nagar
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It is a single-author paper; all the work was carried out by Sumit Nagar.

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Correspondence to Sumit Nagar.

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No animal or human was harmed and used in this review.

Supplementary Information

The author has displayed tables for a different concentrations, i.e. 0.25% volume up to 1% volume of amine-functionalized graphene-based paraffin wax(PCM), wherein 0.25 volume %, 0.5 volume %, 0.75 volume % and 1 volume % are stated in the supplementary materials accompanying this paper.

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Communicated by Ahmad Arabkoohsar.

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Nagar, S. Characterizations and melting analysis of (amine) group-functionalized graphene mixed/doped with paraffin wax as phase change material for thermal management and thermal energy storage applications. J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 46, 139 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-024-04726-z

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