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Experimental energy and exergy analyses of ship refrigeration system operated by frequency inverter at varying sea water temperatures

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Abstract

Ship refrigeration compressors are sized to provide required capacity under extreme atmospheric and sea water temperatures, as well as full load and pulldown rates. Refrigeration compressors usually operate at 50–60 Hz in on/off mode at partial load in cold and temperate sea waters. The most efficient way to meet variable cooling demands is to change refrigerant mass flow by adjusting compressor speed. This paper is based on experimental investigation of ship cold storage refrigeration system on laboratory scale. Compressor is driven by inverter, and condenser is water-cooled type just like on ships. The refrigeration compressor has a power range of 600–1000 W and a maximum power of 1500 W. The system’s refrigeration capacity ranges from 500 to 1350 W, with a maximum capacity of 2000 W. Experimental results were subjected to energy and exergy analyses. At 60 Hz, exergy efficiencies of compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and cold storage are 37.9%, 91.1%, 86.2%, and 69.8%, at − 5 °C cold storage and 18 °C water temperatures. In the same order, they contributed 73.2%, 7.6%, 10.4%, and 7% to wasted power. When water temperature increased from 18 to 35 °C at − 5 °C storage temperature and 50 Hz, coefficient of performance (COP) decreased by 55.2%. Despite compressor's thermodynamic irreversibility decreasing, combined electrical–mechanical efficiency deteriorated as frequency decreased. When compressor frequency was reduced from 60 to 40 Hz at − 5 °C cold storage and 18 °C water temperatures, COP increased by 13.9%.

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Abbreviations

f :

Frequency (Hz)

h :

Specific enthalpy (J/kg)

\(\dot{m}\) :

Mass flow rate (kg/s)

p :

Pressure (Pa, bar)

\(\dot{Q}\) :

Heat transfer rate (W)

s:

Specific entropy (J/kg °C)

T :

Temperature (°C)

V :

Cylinder volume (m3)

\(\dot{W}\) :

Power (W)

\({\eta }_{\mathrm{I}}\) :

First law efficiency

\({\eta }_{\mathrm{II}}\) :

Exergy efficiency

υ :

Specific volume (m3/kg)

\(\dot{X}\) :

Exergy transfer rate (J/s)

ψ :

Flow exergy (J/kg)

in:

Inlet of components

o:

Dead state

out:

Outlet of components

ref:

Refrigerant

w:

Water

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Acknowledgements

This work has been supported by Yildiz Technical University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit under Project Number 2015-10-02-KAP02. We also would like to thank Mr. Doğan Tuptaş, Hakan Bakır, Kenan Arı, Hüseyin, and İsmet for their assistance in building the experimental setup.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Marine Engineering Department, Faculty of Naval Architecture and Maritime, Yildiz Technical University, 34349, Istanbul, Turkey

    Oktay Yilmaz, Haydar Bayar, Veysi Başhan & Kenan Yigit

  2. Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering Department, Maritime Faculty, Bursa Technical University, 16310, Bursa, Turkey

    Veysi Başhan

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  1. Oktay Yilmaz
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Correspondence to Oktay Yilmaz.

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Yilmaz, O., Bayar, H., Başhan, V. et al. Experimental energy and exergy analyses of ship refrigeration system operated by frequency inverter at varying sea water temperatures. J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 44, 133 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-022-03439-5

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