Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The influence of porous wall on flame length and pollutant emissions in a premixed burner: an experimental study

  • Technical Paper
  • Published:
Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this experimental research, a porous wall is used to stabilize a premixed flame. The effect of the porous wall on the flame length, CO, and NOx emissions for natural gas and air combustion is studied at a fixed power burner. A cylindrical flame holder with 154 mm length, 90 mm inner diameter, and 160 mm outer diameter is used as a combustion chamber. The SiC porous walls have outer diameter of 90 mm, inner diameter of 40, 50, and 60 mm, pore density of 10, and 30 PPI, and length of 22, 44, and 66 mm. A Testo 350 XL gas analyzer is used to measure emission pollutants. It is observed that the flame length increases with an increase in the pore density and the length of porous wall and a decrease in the inner diameter of porous wall. An appropriate correlation is proposed to estimate the flame length at constant pore density and power burner. Also, the results revealed that NOx concentration increases with increasing inner diameter and length of porous wall and decreases with increasing pore density of porous wall. CO results show that CO concentration only depends on the equivalence ratio and the physical characteristics of the porous wall does not affect it.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

A :

Area (m2)

d :

Inner diameter (mm)

H :

Length (mm)

LHV:

Lower heat value (kj/m3)

PPI:

Pore per inch

P :

Burner power (kW)

\(\dot{m}\) :

Mass flow rate (kg/s)

T :

Temperature (°C)

W :

Uncertainty of the dependent variable

w :

Uncertainty of the independent variable

ρ :

Density (kg/m3)

ϕ :

Equivalence ratio

a:

Air

Exp:

Experimental

f:

Fuel

mix:

Mixture

Pred:

Predict

s :

Stoichiometry

References

  1. Turns SR (1996) An introduction to combustion, vol 499. McGraw-Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  2. Kim SG, Lee DK, Noh D-S (2016) An experimental study of N2 dilution effects on CH4–O2 flame stabilization characteristics in a two-section porous medium. Appl Therm Eng 103:1390–1397

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Bubnovich V, Henríquez L, Díaz C, Maiza M (2011) Diameter of alumina balls effect on stabilization operation region for a reciprocal flow burner. Int J Heat Mass Transf 54:2026–2033

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Panigrahy S, Mishra NK, Mishra SC, Muthukumar P (2016) Numerical and experimental analyses of LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) combustion in a domestic cooking stove with a porous radiant burner. Energy 95:404–414

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Keramiotis C, Founti MA (2013) An experimental investigation of stability and operation of a biogas fueled porous burner. Fuel 103:278–284

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Hashemi SM, Hashemi SA (2017) Flame stability analysis of the premixed methane-air combustion in a two-layer porous media burner by numerical simulation. Fuel 202:56–65

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Vandadi V, Park C (2016) 3-Dimensional numerical simulation of superadiabatic radiant porous burner with enhanced heat recirculation. Energy 115:896–903

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Laphirattanakul P, Laphirattanakul A, Charoensuk J (2016) Effect of self-entrainment and porous geometry on stability of premixed LPG porous burner. Appl Therm Eng 103:583–591

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Hashemi SM, Hashemi SA (2017) Numerical investigation of the flame stabilization in a divergent porous media burner. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part A J Power Energy 231:173–181

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Wang Y, Zeng H, Shi Y, Cai N (2018) Methane partial oxidation in a two-layer porous media burner with Al2O3 pellets of different diameters. Fuel 217:45–50

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Mathis WM, Ellzey JL (2003) Flame stabilization, operating range, and emissions for a methane/air porous burner. Combust Sci Technol 175:825–839

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Barra AJ, Diepvens G, Ellzey JL, Henneke MR (2003) Numerical study of the effects of material properties on flame stabilization in a porous burner. Combust Flame 134:369–379

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Mujeebu MA, Abdullah M, Mohamad A (2011) Development of energy efficient porous medium burners on surface and submerged combustion modes. Energy 36:5132–5139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Wu H, Kim Y, Vandadi V, Park C, Kaviany M, Kwon O (2015) Experiment on superadiabatic radiant burner with augmented preheating. Appl Energy 156:390–397

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Iral L, Amell A (2015) Performance study of an induced air porous radiant burner for household applications at high altitude. Appl Therm Eng 83:31–39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Ghorashi SA, Hashemi SA, Hashemi SM, Mollamahdi M (2018) Experimental study on pollutant emissions in the novel combined porous-free flame burner. Energy 162:517–525

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Kaplan M, Hall MJ (1995) The combustion of liquid fuels within a porous media radiant burner. Exp Thermal Fluid Sci 11:13–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Xiong T-Y, Khinkis MJ, Fish FF (1995) Experimental study of a high-efficiency, low emission porous matrix combustor—heater. Fuel 74:1641–1647

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Chaffin C, Koenig M, Koeroghlian M, Matthews RD, Hall M, Lim I et al. (1991) Experimental investigation of premixed combustion within highly porous media. In: Proceedings of the 1991 ASME JSME thermal engineering joint conference

  20. Hoffmann J, Echigo R, Yoshida H, Tada S (1997) Experimental study on combustion in porous media with a reciprocating flow system. Combust Flame 111:32–46

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Tseng C-J (2002) Effects of hydrogen addition on methane combustion in a porous medium burner. Int J Hydrogen Energy 27:699–707

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Liu JF, Hsieh WH (2004) Experimental investigation of combustion in porous heating burners. Combust Flame 138:295–303

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Bubnovich V, Henriquez L, Gnesdilov N (2007) Numerical study of the effect of the diameter of alumina balls on flame stabilization in a porous-medium burner. Numer Heat Transf Part A Appl 52:275–295

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Keramiotis C, Stelzner B, Trimis D, Founti M (2012) Porous burners for low emission combustion: an experimental investigation. Energy 45:213–219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Gao H, Qu Z, Feng X, Tao W (2014) Methane/air premixed combustion in a two-layer porous burner with different foam materials. Fuel 115:154–161

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Keramiotis C, Katoufa M, Vourliotakis G, Hatziapostolou A, Founti M (2015) Experimental investigation of a radiant porous burner performance with simulated natural gas, biogas and synthesis gas fuel blends. Fuel 158:835–842

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Janvekar AA, Miskam M, Abas A, Ahmad ZA, Juntakan T, Abdullah M (2017) Effects of the preheat layer thickness on surface/submerged flame during porous media combustion of micro burner. Energy 122:103–110

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Yu B, Kum S-M, Lee C-E, Lee S (2013) Combustion characteristics and thermal efficiency for premixed porous-media types of burners. Energy 53:343–350

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Hashemi SA, Nikfar M, Ghorashi SA (2018) Numerical study of the effect of thermal boundary conditions and porous medium properties on the combustion in a combined porous-free flame burner. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part A J Power Energy 232:799–811

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Dehaj MS, Ebrahimi R, Shams M, Farzaneh M (2017) Experimental analysis of natural gas combustion in a porous burner. Exp Thermal Fluid Sci 84:134–143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Mishra NK, Muthukumar P (2018) Development and testing of energy efficient and environment friendly porous radiant burner operating on liquefied petroleum gas. Appl Therm Eng 129:482–489

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Holman JP, Gajda WJ (2001) Experimental methods for engineers, vol 2. McGraw-Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  33. Abdollahi-Moghaddam M, Motahari K, Rezaei A (2018) Performance characteristics of low concentrations of CuO/water nanofluids flowing through horizontal tube for energy efficiency purposes; an experimental study and ANN modeling. J Mol Liq 271:342–352

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Teng T-P, Hung Y-H, Teng T-C, Mo H-E, Hsu H-G (2010) The effect of alumina/water nanofluid particle size on thermal conductivity. Appl Therm Eng 30:2213–2218

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Barra AJ, Ellzey JL (2004) Heat recirculation and heat transfer in porous burners. Combust Flame 137:230–241

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Gao H-B, Qu Z-G, He Y-L, Tao W-Q (2012) Experimental study of combustion in a double-layer burner packed with alumina pellets of different diameters. Appl Energy 100:295–302

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Qu Z, Feng X (2015) Catalytic combustion of premixed methane/air in a two-zone perovskite-based alumina pileup-pellets burner with different pellet diameters. Fuel 159:128–140

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully thank the services and financial support of the University of Kashan (Grant No. 65477).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran

    Mahdi Mollamahdi, Seyed Abdolmehdi Hashemi & Zaher Mohammed Abed Alsulaiei

  2. Energy Research Institute, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran

    Mahdi Mollamahdi, Seyed Abdolmehdi Hashemi & Zaher Mohammed Abed Alsulaiei

Authors
  1. Mahdi Mollamahdi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Seyed Abdolmehdi Hashemi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Zaher Mohammed Abed Alsulaiei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Seyed Abdolmehdi Hashemi.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Technical Editor: Mário Eduardo Santos Martins.

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mollamahdi, M., Hashemi, S.A. & Alsulaiei, Z.M.A. The influence of porous wall on flame length and pollutant emissions in a premixed burner: an experimental study. J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 41, 417 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-019-1902-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-019-1902-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation