Abstract
Molybdenum-added biomedical alloy has been prepared using a high-temperature vertical vacuum casting technique with five (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 wt%) diverse weight percentages. The density, microhardness, and sliding wear behavior of the fabricated alloys were studied, showing that the addition of molybdenum content in the metal–metal alloy (i.e., Co–30Cr) increases the density from 7.2 to 8.7 g/cc for 0–4 wt% of Mo, respectively. Similarly, the hardness of prepared biomedical alloy also increases from 653 to 720 HV on addition of 0–4 wt% Mo particulate, respectively. The hardness is investigated by the microhardness tester. The aim of this current research work is to optimized the sliding wear behavior of molybdenum-added Co–30Cr alloy for implant material by Taguchi experimental design technique at five different normal loads (5–25 N), sliding velocities (0.26–1.3 m/s), sliding distance (500–2500 m), and reinforcement, i.e., Mo (0–4 wt%) respectively. To obtain the optimum wear response of prepared biomedical alloy added with Mo contents, the Taguchi L25 orthogonal array was implemented. The wear test is performed on a pin-on-disc tribometer against a hardened alloy steel (EN-31) disc under different operating conditions at room temperature. Afterwards, field-emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were utilized to analyze the microstructure, contour of wear mechanism, and 3D surface topography of samples after test run.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aherwar A, Singh A, Patnaik A (2016) Cobalt based alloy: a better choice biomaterial for hip implants. Trends Biomater Artif Organs 30(1):50–55
Aherwar A, Patnaik A, Bahraminasab M, Singh A (2017) Preliminary evaluations on development of new materials for hip joint femoral head. J Mater Des Appl. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464420717714495
Aherwar A, Singh A, Patnaik A (2016) Current and future biocompatibility aspects of biomaterials for hip prosthesis. J Bioeng 3(1):1–22
Ozkomur A, Ucar Y, Ekren O, Shinkai RSA, Teixeira ER (2016) Characterization of the interface between cast-to Co–Cr implant cylinders and cast Co–Cr alloys. J Prosthet Dentist 115(5):592–600
Rodrigues WC, Broilo LR, Schaeffer L, Knornschild G, Espinoza FRM (2011) Powder metallurgical processing of Co–28% Cr–6% Mo for dental implants: physical, mechanical and electrochemical properties. Powder Technol 206:233–238
Dewidar M, Yoon HC, Lim J (2006) Mechanical properties of metals for biomedical applications using powder metallurgy process: a review. Met Mater Int 12:193–206
Qiana B, Saeidia K, Kvetkovab L, Lofajc F, Xiaoa C, Shen Z (2015) Defects-tolerant Co–Cr–Mo dental alloys prepared by selective laser melting. Dent Mater. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2015.09.003
Fuzeng R, Weiwei Z, Kangjie C (2016) Fabrication, tribological and corrosion behaviors of ultra-fine grained Co–28 Cr–6 Mo alloy for biomedical applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 60:139–147
Ramsden JJ, Allen DM, Stephenson DJ, Alcock JR, Peggs GN, Fuller G, Goch G (2007) The design and manufacture of biomedical surfaces. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 56(2):687–711
Swaminathan V, Gilbert JL (2012) Fretting corrosion of CoCrMo and Ti6Al4V interfaces. Biomaterials 33(22):5487–5503
Zhang L, Xiao J, Zhou K (2012) Sliding wear behaviour of silver–molybdenum disulfide composite. Tribol Trans 55:473–480
Abedini M, Ghasemi HM, Nili Ahmadabadi M (2012) Effect of normal load and sliding distance on the wear behavior of NiTi alloy. Tribol Trans 55:677–684
Brodner W, Bitzan P, Meisinger V, Kaider A, Gottsauner-Wolf F, Kotz R (2003) Serum cobalt levels after metal-on-metal total hip arthroplast. J Bone Jt Surg Am 85:2168
Essner A, Schmidig G (2004) The effect of lubricant composition on in vitro wear testing of polymeric acetabular components. J Biomed Mater Res Part B Appl Biomater 68B:45–52
A.S.T.M. G99-95 (2000) Standard test method for wear testing with a pin-on disc apparatus. ASTM International, Annual Book of Standards, West Consho-hocken, PA
Aherwar A, Singh A, Patnaik A (2016) Study on mechanical and wear characterization of novel Co30Cr4Mo biomedical alloy with added nickel under dry and wet sliding conditions using Taguchi approach. Proc IMechE Part L J Mater Des Appl. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464420716638112
Patnaik A, Satapathy A, Mahapatra SS (2009) Study on erosion response of hybrid composites using Taguchi experimental design. J Eng Mater Technol 131:031011–031016
Sahoo R, Jha BB, Sahoo TK (2014) Experimental study on the effect of microstructure on dry sliding wear behavior of titanium alloy using Taguchi experimental design. Tribol Trans 57:216–224
Montero-Ocampo C, Juarez R, Salinas-Rodriguez A (2007) Effect of FCC-HCP phase transformation produced by isothermal aging on the corrosion resistance of a Co-27Cr-5Mo-0.05C alloy. Metall Mater Trans A 33:2229–2235
Patel B, Inam F, Reece M, Edirisinghe M, Bonfield W, Huang J, Angadji A (2014) A novel route for processing cobalt–chromium–molybdenum orthopaedic alloys. J R Soc Interface 1–5
Rosenthal R, Cardoso BR, Bott IS, Paranhos RPR, Carvalho EA (2010) Phase characterization in as-cast F-75 Co–Cr–Mo–C alloy. J Mater Sci 45:4021–4028
Patel B, Favaro G, Inam F, Reece Michael J, Angadji A, Bonfield W, Huang J, Edirisinghe M (2012) Cobalt-based orthopaedic alloys: relationship between forming route, microstructure and tribological performance. Mater Sci Eng C 32:1222–1229
A.S.T.M. F75 (2014) Standard specification for cobalt-28 chromium-6 molybdenum alloy castings and casting alloy for surgical implants (UNS R30075)1, ASTM International, Annual Book of Standards, West Consho-hocken, PA
Nwambu CN, Nnuka EE, Odo JU, Nwoye CI, Nwakpa SO (2014) Effect of molybdenum and cobalt addition on structure and mechanical properties of aluminium—12.5% silicon alloy. J Eng Sci Invent 3(4):20–24
Shin JC, Doh JM, Yoon JK, Lee DY, Kim JS (2003) Effect of molybdenum on the microstructure and wear resistance of cobalt-base Stellite hardfacing alloys. Surf Coat Technol 166:117–126
Hou QY, He YZ, Zhang QA, Gao JS (2007) Influence of molybdenum on the microstructure and wear resistance of nickel-based alloy coating obtained by plasma transferred arc process. Mater Des 28:1982–1987
Savarimuthu AC, Taber HF, Megat I, Shadley JR, Rybicki EF, Cornell WC, Emery WA, Somerville DA, Nuse JD (2001) Sliding wear behavior of tungsten carbide thermal spray coatings for replacement of chromium electroplate in aircraft applications. J Therm Spray Technol 10:502–510
Rabinowicz E (1995) Friction and wear of materials, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York, p 165
Firkins PJ, Tipper JL, Ingham E, Stone MH, Farrar R, Fisher J (2001) A novel low wearing differential hardness, ceramic-on-metal hip joint prosthesis. J Biomech 34(10):1291–1298
Doni Z, Alves AC, Toptan F, Gomes JR, Ramalho A, Buciumeanu M, Palaghian L, Silva FS (2013) Dry sliding and tribocorrosion behavior of hot pressed CoCrMo biomedical alloy as compared with the cast CoCrMo and Ti6Al4V alloys. J Mater Des 52:47–57
Alvarez-Veraa M, Juarez-Hernandez A, Gonzalez-Rivera CE, Mercado-Solis RD, Hernandez-Rodrigueza MAL (2013) Biotribological response of Co–Cr alloy with added boron under ball-on-disc tests. Wear 301:243–249
Pourzal R, Catelas I, Theissmann R, Kaddick C, Fischer A (2011) Characterization of wear particles generated from CoCrMo alloy under sliding wear conditions. Wear 271:1658–1666
Hernandez-Rodriguez MAL, Mercado-Solis RD, Perez-Unzueta AJ, Martinez-Delgado DI, Cantu-Sifuentes M (2005) Wear of cast metal–metal pairs for total replacement hip prostheses. Wear 259:958–963
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Technical Editor: Francisco Ricardo Cunha.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Aherwar, A., Singh, A. & Patnaik, A. A study on mechanical behavior and wear performance of a metal–metal Co–30Cr biomedical alloy with different molybdenum addition and optimized using Taguchi experimental design. J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 40, 213 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-018-1107-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-018-1107-7