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The anti-wear efficiency of boron succinimide on engine cylinder liner and piston ring surfaces

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Abstract

Anti-wear additives are important components of the lubricating oils which protect the sliding surfaces from wear. Researches on developing the non-phosphorus catalysis-friendly anti-wear additive still continue due to government’s regulations. One way to provide non-phosphorus anti-wear additive is boron and sulfur addition to succinimides. In this study, boron succinimide used as an anti-wear additive is compared with ZDDPs in a real engine environment by the engine bench tests. Anti-wear performances were evaluated by microscopic and spectroscopic surface analyses on engine cylinder liner and piston rings after 100-h engine running periods for each anti-wear additive. SEM/EDX and XPS analyses were used to evaluate the tribochemical analyses of tribofilms. SEM and AFM were used to evaluate wear mechanisms on cylinder liner and piston ring surfaces. Results showed that boron succinimide can be an alternative anti-wear additive of ZDDPs from the perspective of anti-wear efficiency.

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Abbreviations

ACEA:

European Automobile Manufacturers Association

AFM:

Atomic force microscopy

API:

American Petroleum Institute

BE:

Binding energy

BDC:

Bottom dead center

BN:

Boron nitride

CDI:

Capacitor discharge ignition

DC:

Direct current

EDX:

Energy-dispersive X-ray

ISO:

International organization for standardization

MC:

Middle center

OHV:

Overhead valve

PAO:

Poly-alpha-olefin

PPP-CONT:

Point Probe Plus Contact

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

Si3N4:

Silicon nitride

TDC:

Top dead center

XPS:

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

ZDDPs:

Zinc dialkyldithiophosphates

\(\vartheta\) :

Viscosity Centistokes (cSt)

eV:

Anode energy electron volts

h :

Height millimeter (mm)

k :

Nominal spring constant Newton/meter (N/m)

l :

Length millimeter (mm)

N :

Engine speed rotation per minute (rpm)

P :

Power kilo watt (kW)

RaL:

Cylinder liner average roughness nanometer (nm)

RaR:

Piston ring average roughness nanometer (nm)

w :

Width millimeter (mm)

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Dr. Hirosi Fujita for their oil support in this work from Idemitsu Kosan Co. Ltd. petrochemical company in Japan, Dr. Oğuzhan GÜRLÜ from Istanbul Technical University for AFM supports and Dr. Barış YAĞCI from Koç University Surface Science and Technology Centre for chemical analyses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Naval Academy, Mechanical Engineering Department, National Defense University, 34942, Tuzla-Istanbul, Turkey

    Doğuş Özkan & Egemen Sulukan

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  1. Doğuş Özkan
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  2. Egemen Sulukan
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Correspondence to Doğuş Özkan.

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Technical Editor: Jose A. dos Reis Parise.

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Özkan, D., Sulukan, E. The anti-wear efficiency of boron succinimide on engine cylinder liner and piston ring surfaces. J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 40, 32 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-018-1014-y

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