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Effect of the gable bends on the force system of T-loop orthodontic springs after activation: a numerical–experimental study

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Abstract

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effects of different preactivation bends on the force system and the mechanical stresses of beta-titanium T-loop orthodontic springs. A tridimensional T-loop spring finite element model was built aiming to obtain reactive forces and moments in the three directions (x, y and z) as well as the moment–force ratios (M/F) for the sagittal and occlusal planes considering different gable bends. Using a transducer designed to measure forces in the x- and y-axis and moment around the z-axis, experimental tests were performed to validate the numerical analysis. It was observed that F x increases as the angle between extremities increases. The F x magnitude changed from 0.2 to 2.0 N. F y forces presented very low magnitude while in z direction they were null. In the sagittal plane, decreasing the gable bends increases the M/F ratio. On the other hand, in the occlusal plane, no change in the M/F ratio values was observed with the variation of the gable bends. The results obtained from the analyses showed that the M/F ratio presented different values because of different preactivation bends formed between alpha and beta extremities, consequently different types of dental movement can be produced. In the occlusal plane, no movement tendency was observed while in the sagittal plane there was a movement tendency to produce uncontrolled tipping, controlled tipping, translation and finally root correction. Translation tendency was observed during deactivation starting at 5.0 mm without crown rotation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Pato Branco, PR, Brazil

    Fábio Rodrigo Mandello Rodrigues

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil

    Paulo César Borges & Marco Antônio Luersen

  3. Privatice practice, DDS, Ph.D., Curitiba, PR, Brazil

    Marcelo do Amaral Ferreira

Authors
  1. Fábio Rodrigo Mandello Rodrigues
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  2. Paulo César Borges
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  3. Marco Antônio Luersen
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  4. Marcelo do Amaral Ferreira
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Correspondence to Fábio Rodrigo Mandello Rodrigues.

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Technical Editor: Estevam Las Casas.

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Rodrigues, F.R.M., Borges, P.C., Luersen, M.A. et al. Effect of the gable bends on the force system of T-loop orthodontic springs after activation: a numerical–experimental study. J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 38, 1527–1539 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-016-0542-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-016-0542-6

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