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A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Evaluating the Efficacy of Stand-Alone Digital Interventions to Prevent Substance Use Among Adolescents

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Stand-alone digital interventions—digital interventions delivered without provider or teacher involvement—hold promise for improving access to substance use prevention services for adolescents. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the efficacy of stand-alone digital interventions to prevent substance use among adolescents.

Recent Findings

A systematic literature search yielded 35 randomized controlled trial studies. Meta-analysis revealed significant reductions in alcohol (d = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2, 0.5, n = 27), cannabis (d = 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1, 0.4, n = 19), and tobacco (d = 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1, 0.3, n = 18) use. Interventions with booster sessions were more likely to be effective in preventing substance use (p < 0.05). Interventions that offered multiple sessions yielded larger effect sizes for alcohol (0.5 vs. 0.2) and cannabis (0.3 vs. 0.2) use, and interventions that involved parents yielded larger effect sizes for alcohol use (0.7 vs. 0.2). Among studies that reported on racial/ethnic distributions, there was an extremely low representation of American Indian or Alaskan and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander groups compared to other racial/ethnic groups (Asian, Black, Hispanic, and White).

Summary

Stand-alone digital interventions were effective at preventing alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco use with small but significant effect sizes among adolescents. However, studies including Native American adolescents are lacking and needed.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Mary Hughes and Vermetha Polite of the Cushing/Whitney Medical Library for their technical support.

Funding

KA is supported by NIDA Diversity Supplement award 3UH3DA050251-03S1, Doris Duke Charitable Foundation award #20220145, and the Yale Center for Clinical Investigation CTSA Grant award #UL1 TR001863. CFF is supported by CTSA Grant #  KL2 TR001862 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official view of NIH.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, CT, USA

    Kammarauche Aneni, Jenny Meyer, Feza Anaise Umutoni & Claudia-Santi F. Fernandes

  2. Yale Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, New Haven, CT, USA

    Kammarauche Aneni & Claudia-Santi F. Fernandes

  3. Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

    Kammarauche Aneni, Jenny Meyer, Destiny Pegram, Feza Anaise Umutoni, Claudia-Santi F. Fernandes & Deepa R. Camenga

  4. Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT, USA

    Jenny Meyer

  5. Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA

    Melissa C. Funaro

  6. Yale Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, USA

    Destiny Pegram

  7. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia

    Isabella Gomati de la Vega

  8. McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA

    Megan G. Jiao

  9. Yale Department of Internal Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

    Claudia-Santi F. Fernandes

  10. Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Henry Onyeaka

  11. School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA

    Philip Baiden

  12. Yale Department of Pediatrics, New Haven, CT, USA

    Deepa R. Camenga

  13. Yale Department of Emergency Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

    Deepa R. Camenga

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Aneni, K., Meyer, J., Funaro, M.C. et al. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Evaluating the Efficacy of Stand-Alone Digital Interventions to Prevent Substance Use Among Adolescents. Curr Addict Rep 10, 378–395 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-023-00508-0

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