Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

The Use of Ecological Momentary Assessment Methods with People Receiving Medication for Opioid Use Disorder: A Systematic Review

  • Published:
Current Addiction Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) is a data collection method capturing mental states and behavior in participants’ natural contexts. While EMA is used increasingly in studies with individuals with substance use disorders (SUD), a systematic review of EMA use among people with opioid use disorder (OUD) is not present in the literature. This systematic review aims 1) to synthesize the literature describing EMA use and 2) to characterize the EMA methodology in published studies of people receiving medication for OUD. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology was utilized. Without date restriction, we searched three databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Psych Info) and included English, peer-reviewed articles that were: a) intervention or observational studies of people receiving medication for OUD and b) used EMA.

Recent Findings

Included studies (n = 37) were randomized controlled trials (n = 10) and observational studies (n = 27), with primarily African American (41–75%) men (47–81%) as participants (n = 5–309) in all but two studies. Results indicated that response to frequent (2–5 times per day) EMA entries over long periods of time (between 2–25 weeks) during treatment for OUD treatment is feasible. Craving and stress were the most frequent EMA measures investigated for their relationship to drug use and treatment outcomes.

Summary

The literature demonstrated that EMA methodology is heterogeneous and closely linked to the research question. However, frequent EMA assessments were common and feasible to deliver assessments to people receiving medication for OUD. It is important to incorporate EMA as an assessment tool and potential intervention component in future studies to possibly respond to the risk of returning to use or relapse.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

Data is available upon reasonable request.

References

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance

  1. • Volkow ND. Personalizing the Treatment of Substance Use Disorders. Am J Psychiatr. 2020;177(2):113–6. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.19121284. Personalized treatment for susbtance use is increasingly seen as necessary, rather than a one size fits all approach. EMA allows for that to be possible, as assessment and intervention can be adaptable to daily changes in need.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Klaman SL, Isaacs K, Leopold A, et al. Treating Women Who Are Pregnant and Parenting for Opioid Use Disorder and the Concurrent Care of Their Infants and Children: Literature Review to Support National Guidance. J Addict Med. 2017;11(3):178–90. https://doi.org/10.1097/adm.0000000000000308.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Maeda A, Bateman BT, Clancy CR, Creanga AA, Leffert LR. Opioid abuse and dependence during pregnancy: temporal trends and obstetrical outcomes. Anesthesiology. 2014;121(6):1158–65. https://doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000000472.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Patrick SW, Dudley J, Martin PR, et al. Prescription opioid epidemic and infant outcomes. Pediatrics. 2015;135(5):842–50. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-3299.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Lo-Ciganic WH, Gellad WF, Gordon AJ, et al. Association between trajectories of buprenorphine treatment and emergency department and in-patient utilization. Addiction. 2016;111(5):892–902.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. O’Connor AM, Cousins G, Durand L, Barry J, Boland F. Retention of patients in opioid substitution treatment: A systematic review. PloS One. 2020;15(5):e0232086. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232086.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Krawczyk N, Williams AR, Saloner B, Cerda M. Who stays in medication treatment for opioid use disorder? A national study of outpatient specialty treatment settings. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2021;126:108329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108329.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. • Burgess-Hull A, Epstein DH. Ambulatory Assessment Methods to Examine Momentary State-Based Predictors of Opioid Use Behaviors. Curr Addict Rep. 2021;8:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-020-00351-7. This prior review is a critical foundation for our work, and we build upon it by revieiwing all available EMA studies among people receiving medication for OUD.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. McDevitt-Murphy ME, Luciano MT, Zakarian RJ. Use of Ecological Momentary Assessment and Intervention in Treatment With Adults. Focus (Am Psychiatr Publ) Fall. 2018;16(4):370–5. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.focus.20180017.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Shiffman S. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) in studies of substance use. Psychol Assess. 2009;21(4):486–97. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017074.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Votaw VR, Witkiewitz K. Motives for substance use in daily life: A systematic review of studies using ecological momentary assessment. Clin Psychol Sci. 2021;9(4):535–62.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Rowe C, Hern J, DeMartini A, et al. Concordance of Text Message Ecological Momentary Assessment and Retrospective Survey Data Among Substance-Using Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2016;4(2):e44. https://doi.org/10.2196/mhealth.5368.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Perrine M, Mundt JC, Searles JS, Lester LS. Validation of daily self-reported alcohol consumption using interactive voice response (IVR) technology. J Stud Alcohol. 1995;56(5):487–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Jamison R. Electronic diaries for monitoring chronic pain: one-year validation study. Pain: J Int Assoc Study Pain. 2001;91:277–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Gass JC, Funderburk JS, Shepardson R, Kosiba JD, Rodriguez L, Maisto SA. The use and impact of self-monitoring on substance use outcomes: A descriptive systematic review. Subst Abus. 2021:1–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/08897077.2021.1874595.

  16. Reback CJ, Runger D, Fletcher JB, Swendeman D. Ecological momentary assessments for self-monitoring and counseling to optimize methamphetamine treatment and sexual risk reduction outcomes among gay and bisexual men. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2018;92:17–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2018.06.005.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Collins RL, Morsheimer ET, Shiffman S, Paty JA, Gnys M, Papandonatos GD. Ecological momentary assessment in a behavioral drinking moderation training program. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 1998;6(3):306–15. https://doi.org/10.1037//1064-1297.6.3.306.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Shiffman S, Scholl SM, Mao J, Ferguson SG, Hedeker D, Tindle HA. Ecological momentary assessment of temptations and lapses in non-daily smokers. Psychopharmacology. 2020;237(8):2353–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-020-05539-3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Serre F, Fatseas M, Swendsen J, Auriacombe M. Ecological momentary assessment in the investigation of craving and substance use in daily life: a systematic review. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2015;148:1–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Jarvis BP, DeFulio A, Long L, et al. Factors associated with using opiates while under extended-release naltrexone blockade: A descriptive pilot study. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2018;85:56–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2016.12.006.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Rhodes BE, Gottfredson NC. Effects of tobacco on affect and craving during opioid addiction recovery: An ecological momentary assessment study. Addict Behav. 2020;106:106358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106358.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Arout CA, Waters AJ, MacLean RR, Compton P, Sofuoglu M. Minocycline does not affect experimental pain or addiction-related outcomes in opioid maintained patients. Psychopharmacology. 2019;236(10):2857–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-018-5146-7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Garland EL, Froeliger B, Howard MO. Effects of Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement on reward responsiveness and opioid cue-reactivity. Psychopharmacology. 2014;231(16):3229–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-014-3504-7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Sanjuan PM, Pearson MR, Poremba C, Amaro HLA, Leeman L. An ecological momentary assessment study examining posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, prenatal bonding, and substance use among pregnant women. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019;195:33–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.11.019.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Garland EL, Hanley AW, Kline A, Cooperman NA. Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement reduces opioid craving among individuals with opioid use disorder and chronic pain in medication assisted treatment: Ecological momentary assessments from a stage 1 randomized controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019;203:61–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.07.007.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Husky MM, Mazure CM, Carroll KM, Barry D, Petry NM. Using the experience sampling method in the context of contingency management for substance abuse treatment. J Appl Behav Anal Winter. 2008;41(4):635–44. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.2008.41-635.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. De Vos JW, vanWilgenburg H, Van Den Brink W, Kaplan CD, De Vries MW. Patterns of Craving and Pharmacokinetics in Long-Term Opiate Addicts in Methadone Maintenance Therapy. Addict Res. 2009;3(4):285–95. https://doi.org/10.3109/16066359609005243.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Bertz JW, Smith KE, Panlilio LV, et al. Quality of life during a randomized trial of a therapeutic-worlace intervention for opioid use disorder: Web-based mobile assessments reveal effects of drug abstinence and access to paid work. Drug Alcohol Dependence Rep. 2021;1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dadr.2021.100011.

  29. Serre F, Fatseas M, Denis C, Swendsen J, Auriacombe M. Predictors of craving and substance use among patients with alcohol, tobacco, cannabis or opiate addictions: Commonalities and specificities across substances. Addict Behav. 2018;83:123–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.01.041.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Finan PH, Mun CJ, Epstein DH, et al. Multimodal assessment of sleep in men and women during treatment for opioid use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2020;207:107698. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107698.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Bertz JW, Epstein DH, Reamer D, et al. Sleep reductions associated with illicit opioid use and clinic-hour changes during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence: Measurement by electronic diary and actigraphy. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2019;106:43–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2019.08.011.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Kowalczyk WJ, Bertz JW, Moran LM, et al. Clonidine Increases the Likelihood That Abstinence Can Withstand Unstructured Time in Buprenorphine-maintained Outpatients. J Addict Med. 2017;11(6):454–60. https://doi.org/10.1097/ADM.0000000000000345.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. Kowalczyk WJ, Phillips KA, Jobes ML, et al. Clonidine Maintenance Prolongs Opioid Abstinence and Decouples Stress From Craving in Daily Life: A Randomized Controlled Trial With Ecological Momentary Assessment. Am J Psychiatry. 2015;172(8):760–7. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.14081014.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Kowalczyk WJ, Moran LM, Bertz JW, et al. Using ecological momentary assessment to examine the relationship between craving and affect with opioid use in a clinical trial of clonidine as an adjunct medication to buprenorphine treatment. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2018;44(5):502–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2018.1454933.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. Stull SW, Bertz JW, Panlilio LV, et al. I feel good? Anhedonia might not mean “without pleasure” for people treated for opioid use disorder. J Abnorm Psychol. 2021;130(5):537–49. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000674.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  36. Willner-Reid J, Whitaker D, Epstein DH, et al. Cognitive-behavioural therapy for heroin and cocaine use: Ecological momentary assessment of homework simplification and compliance. Psychol Psychother. 2016;89(3):276–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/papt.12080.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Moran LM, Phillips KA, Kowalczyk WJ, et al. Aripiprazole for cocaine abstinence: a randomized-controlled trial with ecological momentary assessment. Behav Pharmacol. 2017;28(1):63–73. https://doi.org/10.1097/FBP.0000000000000268.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Mun CJ, Finan PH, Epstein DH, et al. Craving mediates the association between momentary pain and illicit opioid use during treatment for opioid-use disorder: an ecological momentary assessment study. Addiction. 2021;116(7):1794–804. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15344.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Panlilio LV, Stull SW, Kowalczyk WJ, et al. Stress, craving and mood as predictors of early dropout from opioid agonist therapy. Drug Alcohol Dependence. 2019;202:202–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.05.026.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Preston KL, Schroeder JR, Kowalczyk WJ, et al. End-of-day reports of daily hassles and stress in men and women with opioid-use disorder: Relationship to momentary reports of opioid and cocaine use and stress. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018;193:21–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.023.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  41. Preston KL, Kowalczyk WJ, Phillips KA, et al. Exacerbated Craving in the Presence of Stress and Drug Cues in Drug-Dependent Patients. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2018;43(4):859–67. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2017.275.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Preston KL, Kowalczyk WJ, Phillips KA, et al. Before and after: craving, mood, and background stress in the hours surrounding drug use and stressful events in patients with opioid-use disorder. Psychopharmacology. 2018;235(9):2713–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-018-4966-9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  43. Preston KL, Vahabzadeh M, Schmittner J, Lin JL, Gorelick DA, Epstein DH. Cocaine craving and use during daily life. Psychopharmacology. 2009;207(2):291–301. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-009-1655-8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  44. Furnari M, Epstein DH, Phillips KA, et al. Some of the people, some of the time: field evidence for associations and dissociations between stress and drug use. Psychopharmacology. 2015;232(19):3529–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-015-3998-7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Condon JT. The assessment of antenatal emotional attachment: development of a questionnaire instrument. Br J Med Psychol. 1993;66(2):167–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Weathers F, Litz B, Keane T, Palmieri T, Marx B, Schnurr P. The PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Scale from the National Center for PTSD. 2013.

  47. Finan PH, Letzen J, Epstein DH, et al. Reward Responsiveness in Patients with Opioid Use Disorder on Opioid Agonist Treatment: Role of Comorbid Chronic Pain. Pain Med. 2021;22(9):2019–27. https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnab031.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  48. Panlilio LV, Stull SW, Bertz JW, et al. Beyond abstinence and relapse II: momentary relationships between stress, craving, and lapse within clusters of patients with similar patterns of drug use. Psychopharmacology. 2021;238(6):1513–29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-021-05782-2.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  49. Phillips KA, Epstein DH, Vahabzadeh M, Mezghanni M, Lin JL, Preston KL. Substance use and hepatitis C: an ecological momentary assessment study. Health Psychol. 2014;33(7):710–9. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000087.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  50. Preston KL, Kowalczyk WJ, Phillips KA, et al. Context and craving during stressful events in the daily lives of drug-dependent patients. Psychopharmacology. 2017;234(17):2631–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-017-4663-0.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  51. Epstein DH, Preston KL. TGI Monday?: drug-dependent outpatients report lower stress and more happiness at work than elsewhere. Am J Addict. 2012;21(3):189–98. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1521-0391.2012.00230.x.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  52. Moran LM, Kowalczyk WJ, Phillips KA, et al. Sex differences in daily life stress and craving in opioid-dependent patients. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2018;44(5):512–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2018.1454934.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  53. Hser Y-I, Evans E, Grella C, Ling W, Anglin D. Long-term course of opioid addiction. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2015;23(2):76–89.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Wray TB, Merrill JE, Monti PM. Using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) to Assess Situation-Level Predictors of Alcohol Use and Alcohol-Related Consequences. Alcohol Res. 2014;36(1):19–27.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  55. Kirchner TR, Shiffman S. Ecological momentary assessment. 2013.

  56. Messiah A, Grondin O, Encrenaz G. Factors associated with missing data in an experience sampling investigation of substance use determinants. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2011;114(2–3):153–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.09.016.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Markowski KL, Smith JA, Gauthier GR, Harcey SR. Patterns of Missing Data With Ecological Momentary Assessment Among Individuals with substance use disorders: Feasibility Study Using Pilot Study Data. JMIR Form Res. 2021;5(9):e31421. https://doi.org/10.2196/31421.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  58. Fox AD, Maradiaga J, Weiss L, Sanchez J, Starrels JL, Cunningham CO. Release from incarceration, relapse to opioid use and the potential for buprenorphine maintenance treatment: a qualitative study of the perceptions of former inmates with opioid use disorder. Addict Sci Clin Pract. 2015;10(1):1–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. MohaddesHakkak Z, Shahidi S, Heidari M, Imani S, Ghahari S. Antecedents of high-risk situations for relapse in women with opioid use disorder: A qualitative study. J Substance Use. 2022;27(2):149–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Kawasaki S, Mills-Huffnagle S, Aydinoglo N, Maxin H, Nunes E. Patient- and Provider-Reported Experiences of a Mobile Novel Digital Therapeutic in People With Opioid Use Disorder (reSET-O): Feasibility and Acceptability Study. JMIR Form Res. 2022;6(3):e33073. https://doi.org/10.2196/33073.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  61. Scott CK, Dennis ML, Gustafson DH. Using smartphones to decrease substance use via self-monitoring and recovery support: study protocol for a randomized control trial. Trials. 2017;18(1):374. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-017-2096-z.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  62. Gustafson DH Sr, Landucci G, McTavish F, et al. The effect of bundling medication-assisted treatment for opioid addiction with mHealth: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial. Trials. 2016;17(1):592. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-016-1726-1.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  63. Scott CK, Dennis ML, Gustafson DH. Using ecological momentary assessments to predict relapse after adult substance use treatment. Addict Behav. 2018;82:72–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.02.025.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  64. Beck AK, Kelly PJ, Deane FP, et al. Developing a mHealth Routine Outcome Monitoring and Feedback App (SMART Tracker) to Support Self-Management of Addictive Behaviours. Methods. Front Psychiatr. 2021;12(820). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.677637.

  65. Capon H, Hall W, Fry C, Carter A. Realising the technological promise of smartphones in addiction research and treatment: An ethical review. Int J Drug Policy. 2016;36:47–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.05.013.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Swendeman D, Ramanathan N, Baetscher L, et al. Smartphone Self-Monitoring to Support Self-Management Among People Living With HIV: Perceived Benefits and Theory of Change From a Mixed-Methods Randomized Pilot Study. JAIDS J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2015;69:80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Husen K, Rafaeli E, Rubel JA, Bar-Kalifa E, Lutz W. Daily affect dynamics predict early response in CBT: Feasibility and predictive validity of EMA for outpatient psychotherapy. J Affect Disord. 2016;206:305–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.025.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Cherenack EM, Enders K, Rupp BM, Seña AC, Psioda M. Daily Predictors of ART Adherence Among Young Men Living with HIV Who Have Sex with Men: A Longitudinal Daily Diary Study. AIDS Behav. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-021-03523-2.

  69. Epstein DH, Tyburski M, Kowalczyk WJ, et al. Prediction of stress and drug craving ninety minutes in the future with passively collected GPS data. NPJ Digit Med. 2020;3:26. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-020-0234-6.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

PS is supported by K23AA025094 from National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. No other authors report funding sources for this work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Friends Research Institute, 1040 Park Ave., Ste. 103, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA

    Karen Alexander & Mishka Terplan

  2. Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA

    Pilar Sanjuan

Authors
  1. Karen Alexander
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Pilar Sanjuan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mishka Terplan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. Literature search, extraction, and the first draft of the manuscript were performed by Karen Alexander. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Karen Alexander.

Ethics declarations

Conflicts of Interest

The authors do not have any conflicts of interest to report.

Human Subjects/Informed Consent

This article is a review and does not involve human subjects of informed consent.

Additional information

Publisher's note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Alexander, K., Sanjuan, P. & Terplan, M. The Use of Ecological Momentary Assessment Methods with People Receiving Medication for Opioid Use Disorder: A Systematic Review. Curr Addict Rep 10, 366–377 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-023-00492-5

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-023-00492-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation