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Assessing the effects of rainfall reduction on litterfall and the litter layer in phytophysiognomies of the Amazonia–Cerrado transition

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Abstract

The tropical vegetation growing in dystrophic soils is capable of recycling nutrients through litterfall and thus maintaining soil fertility. However, climate changes can alter this production and, consequently, the litter layer over the soil, affecting the carbon cycle and the integrity of the ecosystem. In this study, we investigated whether a reduction in rainfall increased the litterfall and the litter layer (stock) and, if so, whether the effects are more evident in degraded environments. We compared the litterfall and the litter layer in years with higher (1575.3 mm) and lower (1360.8 mm) rainfall rates in three environments: “cerradão” (CD; savanna woodland), typical “cerrado” (savanna-like vegetation) and successional area (SA). We recorded increasing litterfall in the SA and in the litter layer in the three environments during the year with lower rainfall rates. We also detected alterations to the seasonal variation in the litter layer and the production of reproductive parts. The reduction in rainfall increased the return of carbon to the soil, especially in open areas. Our results indicate that climatic extremes (e.g., reduced rainfall) can modify the availability of nutrients and their absorption by plants and therefore compromising important ecosystem functions, such as carbon cycle.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the members of the “Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal” Plant Ecology Laboratory (UNEMAT) who helped with the fieldwork. We also thanks to “Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior” (CAPES) for the scholarship granted to K.S. Peixoto, R. Freitag, E.C. Neves, M.B.X. Valadão, and to the “Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico” (CNPq) for productivity in research grant (PQ-2) awarded to B.H. Marimon-Junior and B.S. Marimon. This study was supported by Project PELD-CNPq (#403725/2012-7) coordinated by B.S. Marimon and projects PPBio-CNPq (#457602/2012-0) and NAS/PEER-USAID (Biodiversity and Climate Changes in the Arc of Deforestation) coordinated by B.H. Marimon-Junior and Guarino R. Colli, respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal (BIONORTE/UNEMAT), P.O. Box 08, Nova Xavantina, MT, 78690-000, Brazil

    Karine da S. Peixoto, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Renata Freitag & e Beatriz S. Marimon

  2. Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Biológicas e Sociais Aplicadas, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), P.O. Box 08, Nova Xavantina, MT, 78690-000, Brazil

    Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Kelen A. Cavalheiro, Naiane A. Silva & e Beatriz S. Marimon

  3. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), P.O. Box 08, Nova Xavantina, MT, 78690-000, Brazil

    Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Eder C. das Neves & e Beatriz S. Marimon

  4. Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Acre, P.O. Box 500, Rio Branco, AC, 69920-900, Brazil

    Henrique A. Mews

  5. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Florestais, Universidade de Brasília, P.O. Box 4357, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil

    Marco Bruno X. Valadão

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  1. Karine da S. Peixoto
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  2. Ben Hur Marimon-Junior
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  3. Kelen A. Cavalheiro
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  4. Naiane A. Silva
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  5. Eder C. das Neves
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  7. Henrique A. Mews
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  8. Marco Bruno X. Valadão
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  9. e Beatriz S. Marimon
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Correspondence to Ben Hur Marimon-Junior.

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Peixoto, K.S., Marimon-Junior, B.H., Cavalheiro, K.A. et al. Assessing the effects of rainfall reduction on litterfall and the litter layer in phytophysiognomies of the Amazonia–Cerrado transition. Braz. J. Bot 41, 589–600 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-018-0443-2

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