Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Palynotaxonomy of Iridaceae Juss. from Goiás and Tocantins States, Brazil

  • Published:
Brazilian Journal of Botany Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The pollen morphologies of 18 native species of Iridaceae from central Brazil Goiás and Tocantins States were investigated in order to understand the palynology and taxonomy of some Brazilian Iridaceae. Pollen grains were acetolyzed, measured, and studied via light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The measurement data was analyzed by descriptive and multivariate statistics. The pollen grains are studied for the following characteristics: monads, medium-to-large in size, bilateral symmetry; heteropolar or isopolar; amb ellipsoidal or spheroidal, biconvex, plane-convex or spheroidal in equatorial view; 1-sulcate or zonasulculate; microreticulate or reticulate, exine with smooth simplicolumellate muri, narrow or wide, straight or curved, continuous or discontinuous; rounded or polyhedral lumina, filled with or without granules; sexine thicker than nexine, tectum with similar thickness as nexine in most species. The results allowed the distinction of genera and most species, showing that pollen morphology can contribute to taxonomic studies. The observed variation in pollen morphology of the species occurring in the study region allowed us to characterize the family as eurypalynous. These data emphasize the importance of pollen morphology for identification and diagnosis of genera in Iridaceae.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Figs. 2–13
Figs. 14–25
Figs. 26–39
Figs. 40–57
Fig. 58

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Barth OM, Melhem TS (1988) Glossário Ilustrado de Palinologia. UNICAMP, Campinas

    Google Scholar 

  • Cacao MM, Fernández I (1990) Contribucion al estudio palinologico de la familia Iridaceae en Andalucia Occidental (excepto el genero Iris L.). Lagascalia 15:189–198

    Google Scholar 

  • Chase MW, Fay MF, Reveal JL et al (2009) An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Bot J Linn Soc 161:105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chauveau O, Eggers L, Raquin C, Silvério A, Brown S, Couloux A, Cruaud C, Kaltchuk-Santos E, Yockteng R, Souza-Chies TT, Nadot S (2011) Evolution of oil-producing trichomes in Sisyrinchium (Iridaceae): insights from the first comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the genus. Ann Bot 107:1287–1312. doi:10.1093/aob/mcr080

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chukr NS (2010) Iridaceae (Alophia Herb.). In: Forzza RC (ed) Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil, vol 2. Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, p 1122

    Google Scholar 

  • Chukr NS, Giulietti AM (2003) Revisão de Pseudotrimezia Foster (Iridaceae). Sitientibus série Ciências Biológicas 3:44–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Chukr NS, Giulietti AM (2008) Revisão de Trimezia Salisb. ex Herb. (Iridaceae) para o Brasil. Sitientibus série Ciências Biológicas 8:15–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Dönmez EO, Pinar NM (2001) The clypeate pollen grains of Turkish Iris L. (Iridaceae): subgenus Scorpiris Sach. Turk J Bot 25:57–62

    Google Scholar 

  • Eggers L, Chukr NS, Lovo J, Bragança-Gil AS (2015) Iridaceae. In: RC Forzza (ed) Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/jabot/floradobrasil/FB136. Accessed 15 July 2015

  • Erdtman G (1952) Pollen morphology and plant taxonomy. Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm

    Google Scholar 

  • Erdtman G (1960) The acetolysis method. A revised description. Sven Bot Tidskr 54:561–564

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldblatt P, Celis M (2010) Zygella S. Moore, a synonym of Larentia Klatt (Iridaceae). Novon 20:412–413. doi:10.3417/2009132

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldblatt P, Le Thomas A (1992) Pollen apertures, exine sculpturing and phylogeny in Iridaceae subfamily Iridoideae. Rev Palaeobot Palynol 75:301–315. doi:10.1016/0034-6667(92)90022-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldblatt P, Manning JC (1989) Pollen morphology of the shrubby Iridaceae Nivenia, Klattia, and Witsenia. Ann Mo Bot Gard 76:1103–1108. doi:10.2307/2399694

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldblatt P, Manning JC (2008) The Iris family: natural history and classification. Timber Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldblatt P, Stein BA (1988) Pollen morphology of Pillansia L. Bolus (Iridaceae). Ann Mo Bot Gard 75:399–401. doi:10.2307/2399430

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldblatt P, Bernhardt P, Manning JC (1989) Notes on the pollination mechanisms of Moraea inclinata and M. brevistyla (Iridaceae). Plant Syst Evol 163:201–209. doi:10.1007/BF00936515

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldblatt P, Manning JC, Bari A (1991) Sulcus and operculum structure in the pollen grains of Iridaceae subfamily Ixioideae. Ann Mo Bot Gard 78:950–961. doi:10.2307/2399736

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldblatt P, Rodriguez A, Powell MP, Davies JT, Manning JC, van der Bank M, Savolainen V (2008) Iridaceae “Out of Australasia”? Phylogeny, biogeography, and divergence time based on plastid DNA sequences. Syst Bot 33:495–508. doi:10.1600/036364408785679806

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hesse M, Halbritter H, Zetter R, Weber M, Buchner R, Frosch-Radivo A, Ulrich S (2009) Pollen terminology: an illustrated handbook. Springer, Vienna

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoehne FC (1914) Expedição Scientifica Roosevelt-Rondon. Annexo n. 2, t. 20. Botânica, Rio de Janeiro

    Google Scholar 

  • Işik S, Dönmez EO (2006) Pollen morphology of some Turkish Crocus L. (Iridaceae) species. Acta Biol Crac Bot 48:85–91

    Google Scholar 

  • Işik S, Dönmez EO (2007) Pollen morphology of the Turkish Romulea Maratti (Iridaceae). Turk J Bot 31:171–182

    Google Scholar 

  • Karst L, Wilson CA (2012) Phylogeny of the New World genus Sisyrinchium (Iridaceae) based on analyses of plastid and nuclear DNA sequence data. Syst Bot 37:87–95. doi:10.1600/036364412X616666

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Le Thomas A, Suarez-Cervera M, Goldblatt P (2000) Pollen of Nivenioideae and its phylogenetic implications. Ann Bot 58:67–72

    Google Scholar 

  • Lovo J, Winkworth RC, Mello-Silva R (2012) New insights into Trimezieae (Iridaceae) phylogeny: what do molecular data tell us? Ann Bot 110:689–702. doi:10.1093/aob/mcs127

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • McCune B, Mefford MJ (2006) PC-ORD: multivariate analysis of ecological data. MjM Software Design, Oregon

    Google Scholar 

  • McNeill J, Barrie FR, Burdet HM, Demoulin V, Hawksworth DL, Marhold K, Nicolson DH, Prado J, Silva PC, Skog JE, Wiersema JH, Turland NJ (2007) Código internacional de nomenclatura botânica (Código de Viena). Instituto de Botânica, São Paulo

    Google Scholar 

  • Melhem TS, Cruz-Barros MAV, Corrêa MAS, Makino-Watanabe H, Silvestre-Capelato MSF, Gonçalves-Esteves V (2003) Variabilidade polínica em plantas de Campos do Jordão (São Paulo, Brasil). Bol Inst Bot 16:1–104

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitić B, Halbritter H, Šoštarić R, Nikolić T (2013) Pollen morphology of the genus Iris L. (Iridaceae) from Croatia and surrounding area: taxonomic and phylogenetic implications. Plant Syst Evol 299:271–288. doi:10.1007/s00606-012-0720-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miziara F, Ferreira NC (2007) Expansão da fronteira agrícola e evolução da ocupação e uso do espaço no Estado de Goiás: subsídios à política ambiental. In: Ferreira LG (ed) A Encruzilhada Socioambiental—Biodiversidade, Economia e Sustentabilidade no Cerrado. Editora UFG, Goiânia, pp 101–120

    Google Scholar 

  • Piccoli PB (2012) Caracterização citogenética e molecular de espécies do complexo Sisyrinchium palmifolium L. (Iridaceae). Dissertation, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul

  • Punt W, Hoen PP, Blackmore S, Nilsson S, Le Thomas A (2007) Glossary of pollen and spore terminology. Rev Palaeobot Palyno 143:1–81. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.06.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Radulescu D (1970) Recherches morpho-palynologiques sur les espèces l’Iridaceae. Acta Horti Bot Bucur 1968:311–350

    Google Scholar 

  • Ravenna P (1977) Notas sobre Iridaceae V. Noticiario Mensual del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural 249:7–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Raynal A, Raynal J (1971) Une technique de preparation des grains de pollen fragilis. Adansonia 11:77–79

    Google Scholar 

  • Reeves G, Chase MW, Goldblatt P, Rudall PJ, Fay MF, Cox AV, Lejeune B, Souza-Chies TT (2001) Molecular systematics of Iridaceae: evidence from four plastid DNA regions. Am J Bot 88:2074–2087. doi:10.2307/3558433

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro JF, Walter BMT (2008) As principais fitofisionomias do bioma Cerrado. In: Sano SM, Almeida SP, Ribeiro JF (eds) Cerrado: ecologia e flora. Embrapa Cerrados/Embrapa Informação Tecnológica, Brasília, pp 153–154

    Google Scholar 

  • Rocha GF, Ferreira LG, Ferreira NC, Ferreira ME (2011) Detecção de desmatamentos no bioma Cerrado entre 2002 e 2009: padrões, tendências e impactos. Rev Bras Cartogr 63:341–349

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez A, Sytsma KJ (2006) Phylogenetics of the “Tiger-Flower” group (Trigridieae: Iridaceae): molecular and morphological evidence. In: Columbus JT, Friar EA, Hamilton CW, Porter JM, Prince LM, Simpson MG (eds) Monocots: comparative biology and evolution, vol 1. Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, pp 412–424

    Google Scholar 

  • Rudall PJ (1995) Anatomy of the monocotyledons—VIII. Iridaceae. Clarendon Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Rudall PJ, Wheeler A (1988) Pollen morphology in Tigridieae (Iridaceae). Kew Bull 43:693–701. doi:10.2307/4129967

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salgado-Labouriau ML, Vanzolini PE, Melhem TS (1965) Variation of polar axes and equatorial diameters in pollen grains of two species of Cassia. Grana Palynol 6:166–176. doi:10.1080/00173136509429142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schulze W (1971) Beiträge zur Pollenmorphologie der Iridaceae und ihre Bedeutung für Taxonomie. Feddes Repert 82:101–124. doi:10.1002/fedr.19710820202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simpson MG (2010) Plant systematics, 2nd edn. Academic Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Thiers B (2015) Index Herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/. Accessed 15 Aug 2015

  • Vieira S (1981) Introdução à Bioestatística. Campus, Rio de Janeiro

    Google Scholar 

  • Vieira ER (2002) Flórula do morro dos Perdidos, serra do Araçatuba, Estado do Paraná, Brasil: Iridaceae Juss. Dissertation, Universidade Federal do Paraná

  • Wanderley MG, Melhem TS (1991) Flora polínica da Reserva Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga—Família 178—Bromeliaceae. Hoehnea 18:5–42

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We thank Luciana Benatti from the Instituto de Botânica and the technicians from USP and UNICAMP for the scanning electron micrographs. Also, we are thankful to Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) for providing the Master’s degree scholarship (Process Number 2012/02048-8) to the first author. We thank the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for the fellowship of “Produtividade em Pesquisa” (Process Number 301134/2013-8) to the second author. We are grateful to the curators of the herbaria that provided exsiccates and the anonymous reviewers of this work and others for their suggestions and tips.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Botânica, Ecologia e Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, Natal, RN, 59072-970, Brazil

    Marcos Vinicius Dantas-Queiroz

  2. Núcleo de Pesquisa em Palinologia, Instituto de Botânica, Avenida Miguel Stéfano, 3687, São Paulo, SP, 04301-012, Brazil

    Cynthia Fernandes Pinto da Luz

Authors
  1. Marcos Vinicius Dantas-Queiroz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Cynthia Fernandes Pinto da Luz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marcos Vinicius Dantas-Queiroz.

Appendix: Species examined

Appendix: Species examined

Herbarium acronyms (in brackets) are following Thiers (2015).

Cipura formosa Ravenna: BRAZIL. Goiás: Corumbá de Goiás, 08-V-2010, MV Dantas-Queiroz 37 (UFG); Pirenópolis, 05-III-2009, MV Dantas-Queiroz 11 (UFG); Alto Paraíso de Goiás, 20-II-2001, C. Munhoz et al. 2561 (IBGE).

Cipura paludosa Aublet: BRAZIL. Goiás: Pirenópolis, 10-II-2012, MV Dantas-Queiroz 90 (UFG); Pirenópolis, 16-XII-2011, MV Dantas-Queiroz 99 (UFG). São Paulo: São José do Rio Preto, 07-I-1966, GD Marinis & EMP Martins 50 (SP). Tocantins: Tocantinópolis, 19-II-2005, G Pereira-Silva 9383 (CEN); Paranã, 28-III-2004, AC Sevilha et al. 3890 (CEN).

Cipura xanthomelas Mart. ex Klatt: BRAZIL. Goiás: Pirenópolis, 16-XII-2011, MV Dantas-Queiroz 68 (UFG). Tocantins: Palmeiras do Tocantins, 12-I-2008, G Pereira-Silva & GA Moreira 12545 (UFG); Paranã, 29-III-2004, AC Sevilha 3938 (UFG).

Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb: BRAZIL. Goiás: Goiânia, 11-XI-2011, MV Dantas-Queiroz 65 (UFG). São Paulo: São Paulo, 06-VIII-1940, Becker s.n. (SP 32107).

Gelasine coerulea (Vell.) Ravenna: BRAZIL. Goiás: Pirenópolis, 10-II-2012, MV Dantas-Queiroz 97 (UFG); Pirenópolis, 31-I-1996, R César & VL Gomes-Klein 353 (UFG). São Paulo: São Paulo, 22-IX-1917, FC Hoehne 578 (SP).

Larentia linearis (Kunth) Klatt: BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Ponte Branca, 30-XII-2012, A Francener et al. 1221 (SP); Ponte Branca, 04-I-2011, MV Dantas-Queiroz 44 (UFG).

Sisyrinchium commutatum Klatt: BRAZIL. Goiás: Cavalcante, 13-IV-2004, ML Fonseca et al. 5070 (IBGE); Niquelândia, 23-III-1995, MF Fonseca et al. 182 (IBGE); Niquelândia, 19-I-1992, G & M Hatschbach 56263 (UB).

Sisyrinchium fasciculatum Klatt: BRAZIL. Goiás: Niquelândia, 26-I-1998, Fonseca & Cardoso 1757 (IBGE). Paraná: Ponta Grossa, s.d., E Santos et al. 2983 (R).

Sisyrinchium luzula Klotzsch ex Klatt: BRAZIL. Distrito Federal: Brasília, 21-III-1964, E Pereira 9087 (HB). Goiás: Niquelândia, 02-X-1997, Fonseca et al. 1608 (IBGE); Padre Bernardo, 24-IX-1972, Ratter et al. 2515 (UB). Mato Grosso: Primavera do Leste, 06-X-1988, R Kral 75170 (SP).

Sisyrinchium restioides Spreng: BRAZIL. Distrito Federal: Brasília, 07-VIII-2012, MV Dantas-Queiroz 102 (SP). Goiás: Alto Paraíso de Goiás, 20-III-1969, HS Irwin et al. 24699 (UB). São Paulo: São José do Barreiro, 03-V-1997, Bianchini 1109 (SP).

Sisyrinchium marchio Spreng: BRAZIL. Goiás: Pirenópolis, 10-II-2012, MV Dantas-Queiroz 98 (UFG); Pirenópolis, 02-III-2009, MV Dantas-Queiroz 01 (UFG); Aparecida de Goiânia, 01-XII-2002, JFB Pastore & E Suganuma 139 (CEN).

Sphenostigma polycephala: BRAZIL. Goiás: Pirenópolis, 16-XII-2011, MV Dantas-Queiroz 82 (UFG); Pirenópolis, 17-XII-2003, AH Salles et al. 2878 (HEPH). Tocantins: Taipas do Tocantins, 14-I-2013, MV Dantas-Queiroz 112 (SP).

Trimezia cathartica (Klatt) Niederl: BRAZIL. Goiás: Cristalina, 19-XI-1995, Moreto et al. 001 (SP). Tocantins: Miracema do Tocantins, 23-IX-1998, GF Arboz 6170 (HTO); Dianópolis, 26-IX-2003, AO Scariot et al. 820 (CEN).

Trimezia juncifolia (Klatt) Benth. & Hook. f. BRAZIL. Goiás: Alto Paraíso de Goiás, 08-II-1987, S Romaniuc-Neto et al. 598 (SP); Caldas Novas, 26-X-1993, Vieira et al. 1654 (CEN). Mato Grosso: Ponte Branca, 05-I-2011, MV Dantas-Queiroz 43 (UFG).

Trimezia lutea (Klatt) R.C. Foster: BRAZIL. Goiás: Niquelândia. 25-XI-1992, SP Cordovil et al. 155 (CEN); Pirenópolis, 17-XII-2011, RD Sartin 324 (UFG); Pirenópolis, 29-I-2011, A Francener 1079 (UFG). Mato Grosso: Araguainha, 07-I-2011, MV Dantas-Queiroz 47 (UFG).

Trimezia martinicensis (Jacq.) Herb.: BRAZIL. Goiás: Colinas do Sul, 27-I-1998, BMT Walter et al. 4037 (CEN). São Paulo: São Paulo, 03-X-2013, MV Dantas-Queiroz 120 (SP).

Trimezia pusilla Ravenna: BRAZIL. Goiás: Goiás, 18-I-1976, HS Irwin et al. 11737b (UB).

Trimezia spathata (Klatt) Baker subsp. spectabilis (Ravenna) Chukr: BRAZIL. Goiás: Alto Paraíso de Goiás, 17-I-2013, MV Dantas-Queiroz 116 (SP); Alto Paraíso de Goiás, 14-III-1995, TB Cavalcanti 1343 (CEN).

Trimezia violacea (Klatt) Ravenna: BRAZIL. Goiás: Alto Paraíso de Goiás, 21-II-1995, Splett 750 (UB).

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Dantas-Queiroz, M.V., da Luz, C.F.P. Palynotaxonomy of Iridaceae Juss. from Goiás and Tocantins States, Brazil. Braz. J. Bot 39, 689–707 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-015-0239-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-015-0239-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation