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Prevalence and presentation patterns of enamel hypomineralisation (MIH and HSPM) among paediatric hospital dental patients in Toronto, Canada: a cross-sectional study

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence and presentation patterns of molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) and hypomineralised second primary molars (HSPM) in the Division of Paediatric Dentistry at The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids) in Toronto, Canada.

Methods

A cross-sectional study of 429 eligible participants was carried out by nine trained and calibrated examiners. The European Academy of Paediatric Dentists (EAPD) criteria for diagnosis and documentation of MIH and HSPM defects were used.

Results

Molar incisor hypomineralisation and HSPM prevalence was 12.4% and 5.2%, respectively. Regarding MIH, the affected molars and incisors attributed to 5.6% of the total prevalence, the remaining having only molars affected. Demarcated white opacities were most common in MIH (60%) and HSPM (67%), followed by yellow/brown opacities (MIH 22%, HSPM 9%), post-eruptive breakdown (MIH 8%, HSPM 24%), atypical caries (MIH 6%, HSPM 0%), and atypical restorations (MIH 4%, HSPM 0%). In both MIH and HSPM, single surface hypomineralised lesions were significantly more common than multi-surface lesions (p < 0.0001). Most lesions affected buccal enamel (MIH 55%, HSPM 47%). Lesion extension was most frequently less than 1/3 of a tooth surface (MIH 58%, HSPM 67%) and this was significantly more common in teeth affected by HSPM than MIH (p = 0.03). Individuals with HSPM were more likely to present with two affected molars than individuals with MIH (p = 0.03). Hypomineralised second primary molars were not predictive for MIH.

Conclusions

The prevalence of MIH and HSPM was within the range of published studies. The most common MIH and HSPM lesions affected single surface of a tooth, mostly on the buccal surface and were less than 1/3 of the surface area size.

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Funding

This study was funded by the Department of Dentistry, the Hospital for Sick Children.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dentistry, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada

    N. Sidhu, E. Barrett & M. Casas

  2. Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Toronto, M5G 1G6, Canada

    Y. Wang

Authors
  1. N. Sidhu
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  2. Y. Wang
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  3. E. Barrett
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  4. M. Casas
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Correspondence to N. Sidhu.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Sidhu, N., Wang, Y., Barrett, E. et al. Prevalence and presentation patterns of enamel hypomineralisation (MIH and HSPM) among paediatric hospital dental patients in Toronto, Canada: a cross-sectional study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 21, 263–270 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-019-00477-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-019-00477-x

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