Submaximal, Perceptually Regulated Exercise Testing Predicts Maximal Oxygen Uptake: A Meta-Analysis Study

Abstract

Background

Recently, several authors have proposed the use of a submaximal ‘perceptually regulated exercise test’ (PRET) to predict maximal oxygen uptake ($\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2\;\hbox{max} }$). The PRET involves asking the individual to self-regulate a series of short bouts of exercise corresponding to pre-set ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). The individual linear relationship between RPE and oxygen uptake (RPE:$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2}$) is then extrapolated to the $\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2\;\hbox{max} }$, which corresponds to the theoretical maximal RPE (RPE₂₀). Studies suggest that prediction accuracy from this method may be better improved during a second PRET. Similarly, some authors have recommended an extrapolation to RPE₁₉ rather than RPE₂₀.

Objectives

The purpose of the meta-analysis was to examine the validity of the method of predicting $\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2\;\hbox{max} }$ from the RPE:$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2}$ during a PRET, and to determine the level of agreement and accuracy of predicting $\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2\;\hbox{max} }$ from an initial PRET and retest using RPE₁₉ and RPE₂₀.

Data Sources

From a systematic search of the literature, 512 research articles were identified.

Study Eligibility Criteria

The eligible manuscripts were those which used the relationship between the RPE_≤15 and $\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2}$, and used only the Borg’s RPE scale.

Participants and Interventions

Ten studies (n = 274 individuals) were included.

Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods

For each study, actual and predicted $\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2\;\hbox{max} }$ from four subgroup outcomes (RPE₁₉ in the initial test, RPE₁₉ in the retest, RPE₂₀ in the initial test, RPE₂₀ in the retest) were identified, and then compared. The magnitude of the difference regardless of subgroup outcomes was examined to determine if it is better to predict $\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2\;\hbox{max} }$ from extrapolation to RPE₁₉ or RPE₂₀. The magnitude of differences was examined for the best PRET (test vs retest).

Results

The results revealed that $\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2\;\hbox{max} }$ may be predicted from RPE:$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2}$ during PRET in different populations and in various PRET modalities, regardless of the subgroup outcomes. To obtain greater accuracy of predictions, extrapolation to RPE₂₀ during a retest may be recommended.

Limitations

The included studies reported poor selection bias and data collection methods.

Conclusions and Implications of Key Findings

The $\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2\;\hbox{max} }$ may be predicted from RPE:$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2}$ during PRET, especially when $\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2\;\hbox{max} }$ is extrapolated to RPE₂₀ during a second PRET.