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Artificial Pancreas: Current Progress and Future Outlook in the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes

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Abstract

Type 1 diabetes is characterised by insulin deficiency caused by autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta cells. The treatment of type 1 diabetes is exogenous insulin in the form of multiple daily injections or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Advances in diabetes technology have been exponential in the past few decades, culminating in studies to develop an automated artificial pancreas, also known as the closed-loop system. This has recently led to a commercially available, hybrid artificial pancreas in the USA and Europe. This review article aims to provide an overview of the rationale for an artificial pancreas system and an update of the current state of artificial pancreas development. We explore the different types of artificial pancreas systems being studied, including the use of adjunctive therapy, and the use of these systems in different groups of users. In addition, we discuss the potential psychosocial impact and the challenges and limitations of implementing artificial pancreas use into clinical practice.

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Acknowledgements

Infrastructure support is provided by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Imperial Biomedical Research Centre and the NIHR Imperial Clinical Research Facility. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health and Social Care.

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  1. Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, 7S7a, Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK

    Rozana Ramli, Monika Reddy & Nick Oliver

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  1. Rozana Ramli
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Rozana Ramli has no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article. Monika Reddy has received research funding towards an investigator-initiated study from Dexcom, and has participated in advisory boards for Roche Diabetes. Nick Oliver has received research funding towards investigator-initiated studies from Dexcom, and has participated in advisory boards for Roche Diabetes, Dexcom and Medtronic Diabetes.

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Ramli, R., Reddy, M. & Oliver, N. Artificial Pancreas: Current Progress and Future Outlook in the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes. Drugs 79, 1089–1101 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-019-01149-2

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