Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Covalent Triazine Frameworks(CTFs) for Photocatalytic Applications

  • Review
  • Published:
Chemical Research in Chinese Universities Aims and scope

Abstract

Covalent triazine frameworks(CTFs) as a new type of porous organic polymers(POPs) with nitrogen-rich content, high chemical stability, visible light sensitive, metal-free and fully conjugated structure, have gained considerable attention in the last ten years owing to their great potential in extensive applications, especially for photocatalysis systems. In this review, we propose to provide current progress in the design and synthesis of CTFs, along with an emphasis on their photocatalytic applications. Firstly, a brief background including the development of photocatalytic areas is provided. Then, synthetic strategies of CTFs are described and compared. Furthermore, the evolution of CTF materials in photocatalysis fields and strategies for enhancing photocatalytic performance is presented. Finally, some perspectives and challenges on synthesizing high crystalline CTFs and designing excellent catalytic performance of CTF materials are discussed, inspiring the development of CTF materials in photocatalytic applications.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Barber J., Chem. Soc. Rev., 2009, 38, 185

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Lewis N. S., Science, 2007, 315, 5813

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Wang Z., Li C., Domen K., Chem. Soc. Rev., 2019, 48(7), 2109

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Wang H., Wang H., Wang Z., Tang L., Zeng G., Xu P., Chen M., Xiong T., Zhou C., Li X., Huang D., Zhu Y., Wang Z., Tang J., Chem. Soc. Rev., 2020, 49(12), 4135

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Fujishima A., Nature, 1972, 238, 37

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Low J., Dai B., Tong T., Jiang C., Yu J., Adv. Mater., 2019, 31(6), e1802981

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Cheng L., Xiang Q., Liao Y, Zhang H., Energy & Environmental Science, 2018, 11(6), 1362

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Ong C. B., Ng L. Y., Mohammad A. W., Renewable and Sustainable Energy Rev., 2018, 81, 536

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Yang X., Tian L., Zhao X., Tang H., Liu Q., Li G., Appl. Catal. B: Envir., 2019, 244, 240

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Cao S., Yu J., J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2014, 5(12), 2101

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Xu Y., Mao N., Zhang C., Wang X., Zeng J., Chen Y., Wang F., Jiang J.-X., Appl. Catal. B: Envir., 2018, 228, 1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Wang Z., Yang X., Yang T., Zhao Y., Wang F., Chen Y., Zeng J. H., Yan C., Huang F., Jiang J.-X., ACS Catal., 2018, 8(9), 8590

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Guo J., Jiang D., ACS Cent. Sci., 2020, 6(6), 869

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Banerjee T., Gottschling K., Savasci G., Ochsenfeld C., Lotsch B. V., ACS Energy Lett., 2018, 3(2), 400

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Li H., Wang L., Yu G., Nano Today, 2021, 40, 101247

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Xia C., Kirlikovali K. O., Nguyen T. H. C., Nguyen X. C., Tran Q. B., Duong M. K., Nguyen Dinh M. T., Nguyen D. L. T., Singh P., Raizada P., Nguyen V.-H., Kim S. Y., Singh L., Nguyen C. C., Shokouhimehr M., Le Q. V., Coord. Chem. Rev., 2021, 446, 214117

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Waller P. J., Gandara F., Yaghi O. M., Acc. Chem. Res., 2015, 48(12), 3053

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Li Z., He T., Gong Y., Jiang D., Acc. Chem. Res., 2020, 53(8), 1672

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Ding S. Y., Wang W., Chem. Soc. Rev., 2013, 42(2), 548

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Liu M., Guo L., Jin S., Tan B., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2019, 7(10), 5153

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Wang H., Jiang D., Huang D., Zeng G., Xu P., Lai C., Chen M., Cheng M., Zhang C., Wang Z., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2019, 7(40), 22848

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Kuhn P., Antonietti M., Thomas A., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2008, 47(18), 3450

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Katekomol P., Roeser J., Bojdys M., Weber J., Thomas A., Chem. Mater., 2013, 25(9), 1542

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Bojdys M. J., Jeromenok J., Thomas A., Antonietti M., Adv. Mater., 2010, 22(19), 2202

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Osadchii D. Y., Olivos-Suarez A. I., Bavykina A. V., Gascon J., Langmuir, 2017, 33(50), 14278

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Kuhn P., Forget A. l., Su D., Thomas A., Antonietti M., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2008, 130, 13333

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Abednatanzi S., Derakhshandeh P. G., Tack P., Muniz-Miranda F., Liu Y.-Y., Everaert J., Meledina M., Bussche F. V., Vincze L., Stevens C. V., Speybroeck V. V., Vrielinck H., Callens F., Leus K., Van Der Voort P., Appl. Catal. B: Envir., 2020, 269, 118769

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Schwinghammer K., Hug S., Mesch M. B., Senker J., Lotsch B. V., Energy Environ. Sci., 2015, 8(11), 3345

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Ren S., Bojdys M. J., Dawson R., Laybourn A., Khimyak Y. Z., Adams D. J., Cooper A. I., Adv. Mater., 2012, 24(17), 2357

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Lan Z. A., Fang Y., Zhang Y., Wang X., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2018, 57(2), 470

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Lan X., Liu X., Zhang Y., Li Q., Wang J., Zhang Q., Bai G., ACS Catal., 2021, 11, 7429

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Xu T., Li Y., Zhao Z., Xing G., Chen L., Macromolecules, 2019, 52(24), 9786

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Hu Y., Huang W., Wang H., He Q., Zhou Y., Yang P., Li Y., Li Y., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2020, 59(34), 14378

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Huang W., Ma B. C., Lu H., Li R., Wang L., Landfester K., Zhang K. A. I., ACS Catal., 2017, 7(8), 5438

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Huang W., He Q., Hu Y, Li Y., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2019, 58, 8676

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Kim H. M., Jang H. K., Hwang T. G., Namgoong J. W., Kim J. Y., Yuk S. B., Lee J. M., Kim J. P., Dyes and Pigments, 2021, 186, 108968

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Hong H., Wu N., Han M., Guo Z., Zhan H., Du S., Chen B., Mater. Chem. Front., 2021, 5(17), 6568

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Liu J., Zan W., Li K., Yang Y., Bu F., Xu Y., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2017, 139(34), 11666

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Sun T., Liang Y., Xu Y., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2021, 60, 1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Yang Z., Chen H., Wang S., Guo W., Wang T., Suo X., Jiang D. E., Zhu X., Popovs I., Dai S., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2020, 142(15), 6856

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Zhu X., Tian C., Mahurin S. M., Chai S. H., Wang C., Brown S., Veith G. M., Luo H., Liu H., Dai S., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2012, 134(25), 10478

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Yang Z., Liu T., Wang S., Chen H., Suo X., Wang T., Thapaliya B. P., Jiang D.-E., Popovs I., Dai S., Chem. Mater., 2021, 33(9), 3386

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Wang K., Yang L., Wang X., Guo L., Cheng G., Zhang C., Jin S., Tan B., Cooper A., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2017, 56, 14149

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Liu M., Huang Q., Wang S., Li Z., Li B., Jin S., Tan B., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2018, 57(37), 11968

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Liu M., Jiang K., Ding X., Wang S., Zhang C., Liu J., Zhan Z., Cheng G., Li B., Chen H., Jin S., Tan B., Adv. Mater., 2019, 31(19), e1807865

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Guo L., Wang X., Zhan Z., Zhao Y., Chen L., Liu T., Tan B., Jin S., Chem. Mater., 2021, 33(6), 1994

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Wang X., Zhang S., Li X., Zhan Z., Tan B., Lang X., Jin S., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2021, 9(30), 16405

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Zhang S., Cheng G., Guo L., Wang N., Tan B., Jin S., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2020, 59(15), 6007

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Guan L., Cheng G., Tan B., Jin S., Chem. Commun., 2021, 57(42), 5147

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Yu S. Y., Mahmood J., Noh H. J., Seo J. M., Jung S. M., Shin S. H., Im Y. K., Jeon I. Y, Baek J. B., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2018, 57(28), 8438

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Wu S., Pan Y., Lin H., Li L., Fu X., Long J., ChemSusChem, 2021, 14, 1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Jiang X., Wang P., Zhao J., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2015, 3(15), 7750

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Bi J., Fang W., Li L., Wang J., Liang S., He Y., Liu M., Wu L., Macromol. Rapid Commun., 2015, 36(20), 1799

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Kuecken S., Acharjya A., Zhi L., Schwarze M., Schomacker R., Thomas A., Chem. Commun., 2017, 53(43), 5854

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Li L., Fang W., Zhang P., Bi J., He Y, Wang J., Su W., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2016, 4(32), 12402

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Wang C., Zhang H., Luo W., Sun T., Xu Y., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2021, 60, 2

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Guo L., Niu Y., Xu H., Li Q., Razzaque S., Huang Q., Jin S., Tan B., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2018, 6(40), 19775

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Wang N., Cheng G., Guo L., Tan B., Jin S., Adv. Funct. Mater., 2019, 29(43), 1904781

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Guo L., Niu Y., Razzaque S., Tan B., Jin S., ACS Catal., 2019, 9(10), 9438

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Hu X., Zhan Z., Zhang J., Hussain I., Tan B., Nat. Commun., 2021, 12(1), 6596

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  61. Qian Z., Wang Z. J., Zhang K. A. I., Chem. Mater., 2021, 33(6), 1909

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Xu R., Wang X.-S., Zhao H., Lin H., Huang Y.-B., Cao R., Catal. Sci. & Techn., 2018, 8(8), 2224

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Zhang S., Wang S., Guo L., Chen H., Tan B., Jin S., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2020, 8(1), 192

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Huang G., Niu Q., Zhang J., Huang H., Chen Q., Bi J., Wu L., Chem. Eng. J., 2022, 427, 131018

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Guo S., Yang P., Zhao Y., Yu X., Wu Y., Zhang H., Yu B., Han B., George M. W., Liu Z., ChemSusChem, 2020, 13(23), 6278

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Yan Y.-L., Fang Q.-J., Pan J.-K., Yang J., Zhang L.-L., Zhang W., Zhuang G.-L., Zhong X., Deng S.-W., Wang J.-G., Chem. Eng. J., 2021, 408, 127358

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Wang Q., Wang J., Wang J. C., Hu X., Bai Y., Zhong X., Li Z., ChemSusChem, 2021, 14(4), 1131

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Low J., Yu J., Jaroniec M., Wageh S., Al-Ghamdi A. A., Adv. Mater., 2017, 29(20), 1601694

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Huang W., Byun J., Rorich I., Ramanan C., Blom P. W. M., Lu H., Wang D., Caire da Silva L., Li R., Wang L., Landfester K., Zhang K. A. I., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2018, 57(27), 8316

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Huang W., Huber N., Jiang S., Landfester K., Zhang K. A. I., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2020, 59(42), 18368

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Cyrine A., Wei H., Zhang K. A. I., Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2020, 14(3), 397

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Zhuang Y., Zhu Q., Li G., Wang Z., Zhan P., Ren C., Si Z., Li S., Cai D., Qin P., Mater. Res. Bull., 2022, 146, 111619

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Huang L., Luo Z., Zhou Y. N., Zhang Q., Zhu H., Zhu S., Mater. Today Chem., 2021, 20, 100475

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22161142005, 21975086).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China

    Ruixue Sun & Bien Tan

Authors
  1. Ruixue Sun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Bien Tan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bien Tan.

Ethics declarations

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sun, R., Tan, B. Covalent Triazine Frameworks(CTFs) for Photocatalytic Applications. Chem. Res. Chin. Univ. 38, 310–324 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40242-022-1468-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40242-022-1468-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation