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Detection of saponins and oligosaccharides in herbs using direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry

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Abstract

The use of direct analysis in real-time(DART) mass spectrometry(MS) for direct detection of saponins and oligosaccharides is difficult mainly because of the strong polarity of these molecules, which results in challenges re-garding desorption and ionization of the compounds. Structure derivatization, such as methylation, is essential for improving the volatility and the proton affinity of saponin and oligosaccharides. In this study, solid-phase methylation of saponins and oligosaccharides was accomplished in a stainless steel methylation column, and the methylated products of astragaloside, salidroside, icariin, ginsenosides(Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rd, Re, Rf and Rg1), maltose, isomaltose, sucrose and maltotriose were analyzed using DART-MS. Fragmentations occurred during ionization and tandem mass spectrometry, and most fragments corresponded to the glycosidic bond, cross-ring cleavages, and the neutral loss of CH3OH ions, but the aglycone cleavage fragment was not detected. Furthermore, the method was successfully used in the rapid and simultaneous analysis of saponins and oligosaccharides in a ginseng extract; quantitative analysis of ginsenoside Rb1 was also carried out, and consistent content results were obtained in DART-MS and high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Pharmaceutial Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China

    Yangfang He & Jin Pei

  2. Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, P. R. China

    Wenlong Liu, Rui Su & Yang Xiu

  3. The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, P. R. China

    Yangfang He

Authors
  1. Yangfang He
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  2. Wenlong Liu
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  3. Rui Su
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  4. Yang Xiu
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  5. Jin Pei
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Correspondence to Jin Pei.

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Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21475012).

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He, Y., Liu, W., Su, R. et al. Detection of saponins and oligosaccharides in herbs using direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry. Chem. Res. Chin. Univ. 33, 172–178 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40242-017-6297-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40242-017-6297-5

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