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Habitual coffee drinking and the chance of prediabetes remission: findings from a population with low coffee consumption

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Abstract

Introduction

We aimed to investigate the association between coffee drinking and total caffeine intakes with the chance of prediabetes (Pre-DM) regression and progression over 9-years of follow-up.

Research design and methods

This cohort study included 334 Pre-DM individuals (mean age of 49.4 ± 12.8 years and 51.5% men) who participated in the third phase of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2006–2008). A validated food frequency questionnaire at baseline assessed habitual coffee consumption. All measurements were done at baseline and all subsequent examinations with 3-year follow-up intervals. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of Pre-DM regression to normal glycemia or progression to type 2 diabetes (T2D) in coffee drinkers/non-drinkers were estimated using multinomial logistic regression analysis.

Results

During the study follow-up 39.8% of the study participants were progressed to T2D and 39.8% returned to normal glycemia. Coffee consumption nearly doubled the chance of returning to normal (OR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.03–4.97). Total caffeine intake was not related to Pre-DM progression and regression. Compared to non-drinkers, coffee drinkers had significantly lower 2-hour serum glucose concentrations over time (152, 95% CI = 144–159 vs. 162, 95% CI = 155–169 mg/dL, P = 0.05).

Conclusions

Habitual coffee drinking may increase the chance of returning to normal glycemia in Pre-DM subjects.

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Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on a reasonable request.

Abbreviations

Pre-DM:

Prediabetes

T2DM:

Type2 Diabetes Mellitus

CI:

Confidence Interval

OR:

Odds Ratio

NGR:

Normal Glucose Regulation

TLGS:

Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

WC:

Waist Circumference

BMI:

Body Mass Index

SBP:

Systolic Blood Pressure

DBP:

Diastolic Blood Pressure

FSG:

Fasting Serum Glucose

2h-SG:

2-hour Serum Glucose

IFG:

Impaired Fasting Glucose

IGT:

Impaired Glucose Tolerance

NFG:

Normal Fasting Glucose

NGT:

Normal Glucose Tolerance

TG:

Triglyceride

HDL-c:

High-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol

OGTT:

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

MAQ:

Modifiable Activity Questionnaire

FFQ:

Food Frequency Questionnaire

WHR:

waist-to-hip ratio

RR:

relative risk

HR:

hazard ratio

CE:

cholesteryl esters

GEE:

repeated-measures generalized estimating equation

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study participants and the field investigators of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study for their cooperation and assistance in physical examinations, biochemical evaluation and database management.

Funding

This work was not supported by any funding agency.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Shabnam Hosseini & Zahra Bahadoran

  2. School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Shabnam Hosseini

  3. Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Parvin Mirmiran

  4. Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Fereidoun Azizi

Authors
  1. Shabnam Hosseini
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  4. Fereidoun Azizi
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Contributions

All authors read and approved the final manuscript. P.M designed the study. Sh.H, Z.B and F.A analyzed the data from TLGS population, Sh.H and P.M wrote the manuscript, Z.B corrected the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zahra Bahadoran.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. The ethics research committee of the Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, approved the study protocol. The study protocol was carried out according to the relevant guidelines expressed in the Declaration of Helsinki.

Competing interests

All authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Hosseini, S., Bahadoran, Z., Mirmiran, P. et al. Habitual coffee drinking and the chance of prediabetes remission: findings from a population with low coffee consumption. J Diabetes Metab Disord (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-023-01356-5

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