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The association between major dietary patterns with the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, oxidative stress and metabolic parameters: A case–control study

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Abstract

Purpose

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by the increase of fat in the liver. The present study aimed to study the association between different dietary patterns and NAFLD in adults.

Methods

This study included 121 adult patients with NAFLD and 119 non-NAFLD. Dietary intake was calculated by a 168-item food frequency questionnaire. Biochemical markers were measured. Dietary patterns were determined by factor analysis. The association between dietary patterns and NAFLD was evaluated using multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results

Two dietary patterns (healthy, western) were recognized in participants. Western dietary pattern was related with 72 percent increase in the odds of NAFLD (OR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.32,2.14), after adjustment for covariates. Healthy dietary pattern was associated with 38 percent lower odds of NAFLD (OR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.65). Adherence to the western diet was related to 0.486 greater amounts of ALT, 3.248 mg/dl higher levels of FBS, and 3.989 mg/dl greater amounts of TG and 2.354 mg/dl greater amounts of MDA after adjusting for confounding factors (p > 0.001, p = 0.042, p > 0.001, p = 0.036 respectively). The healthy dietary pattern score was negatively associated with FBS and Cholesterol and TG levels (p = 0.035, p = 0.048, and p = 0.025), respectively. Moreover, it was associated with 3.211 mg/dl higher levels of TAC (p = 0.049).

Conclusions

There is a significant relationship between dietary patterns and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Adherence to a western dietary pattern is related to an increase in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

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Acknowledgements

This study was extracted from MSc dissertation, which was approved by School of Nutrition & Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. We would like to express our appreciation for all those participating in this study for their sincere cooperation.

Funding

This work was supported by the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences [grant numbers IR.MUI.REC. 1398.279].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

    Fateme Moradi & Amirmansour Alavi Naeini

  2. Department of Community Nutrition, Vice-Chancellery for Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

    Seyedeh Parisa Moosavian

  3. Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran

    Farhang Djafari

  4. Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

    Azam Teimori

  5. Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition & Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

    Zahra Faghih Imani

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  1. Fateme Moradi
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Correspondence to Amirmansour Alavi Naeini.

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Moradi, F., Moosavian, S.P., Djafari, F. et al. The association between major dietary patterns with the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, oxidative stress and metabolic parameters: A case–control study. J Diabetes Metab Disord 21, 657–667 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-022-01028-w

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