Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Assessing the awareness and care of people with diabetes related to Ramadan fasting; a-cross sectional study from Pakistan

  • Research article
  • Published:
Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Aim

To assess the awareness level and care of people with diabetes related to Ramadan fasting across the country.

Methodology

This cross-sectional survey was conducted by Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, between November 2016 to March 2017, using convenient sampling. The physicians involved in the care of people with diabetes were invited to participate. A preformed validated questionnaire was used to conduct face to face interview on one to one basis.

Results

Altogether 2187 people with diabetes were enrolled. Knowledge related to Ramadan fasting was poor (35.64%), misconceptions were common (57.02%), and unsafe practices (55.62%) were highly prevalent. One third (31.9%) of the subjects did not receive pre-Ramadan education while medications adjustments were not made in nearly half of the study population.

Conclusion

In this cross-sectional survey, we observed lack of awareness, misconceptions and unsafe practices among fasting people with diabetes across the country. Large scale awareness campaign is needed as comprehensive care is not widely available.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Hassanein M, Al-Arouj M, Hamdy O, Bebakar WM, Jabbar A, Al-Madani A, et al. Diabetes and Ramadan: practical guidelines. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2017;126:303–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Abdullah YA, translator. The Qur’an. Ch. 2, Ver. 187. New York: TahrikeTarsile Qur’an Inc; 2003.

  3. Salti I, Bénard E, Detournay B, Bianchi-Biscay M, Le Brigand C, Voinet C, et al. Population-based study of diabetes and its characteristics during the fasting month of Ramadan in 13 countries: results of the epidemiology of diabetes and Ramadan 1422/2001 (EPIDIAR) study. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(10):2306–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Ahmedani MY, Alvi SF. Characteristics and Ramadan-specific diabetes education trends of patients with diabetes (CARE): a multinational survey (2014). Int J Clin Pract. 2016;70(8):668–75.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Karamat MA, Syed A, Hanif W. Review of diabetes management and guidelines during Ramadan. J R Soc Med. 2010;103(4):139–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Masood SN, Masood Y, Mumtaz SN, Maqsood A, Hakim R, Shaikh Z, et al. Ramadan fasting related awareness, practices and experiences of a representative group of Urban Pakistani Diabetics. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences. 2012;28(3):432–6.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Bravis V, Hui E, Salih S, Mehar S, Hassanein M, Devendra D. Ramadan Education and Awareness in Diabetes (READ) program for Muslims with Type 2 diabetes who fast during Ramadan. Diabet Med. 2010;27(3):327–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Ahmedani MY, Ahsan S, ulHaque MS. Role of Ramadan specific diabetes education (RSDE); A prospective study. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences. 2017;33(3):586.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Masood SN, Alvi SF, Ahmedani MY, Kiran S, Zeeshan NF, Basit A, et al. Comparison of Ramadan-specific education level in patients with diabetes seen at a primary and a tertiary care center of Karachi-Pakistan. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2014;8(4):225–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Salti I, Bénard E, Detournay B, Bianchi-Biscay M, Le Brigand C. Voinet C, population-based study of diabetes and its characteristics during the fasting month of Ramadan in 13 countries: results of the epidemiology of diabetes and Ramadan 1422/2001 (EPIDIAR) study. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(10):2306–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Ahmedani MY, Alvi SF, Fawwad A, Ul-haque MS, Naz S, Basit A. Safety of fasting in patients with Type 1 diabetes during Ramadan: a prospective study from Pakistan. British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research 19(9): 1-8, 2017

  12. Al-Arouj M, Assaad-Khalil S, Buse J, Fahdil I, Fahmy M, Hafez S, et al. Recommendations for management of diabetes during Ramadan. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(8):1895–902.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Hakeem R, Ahmedani MY, Alvi SF, Ulhaque MS, Basit A, Fawwad A. Dietary patterns and glycemic control and compliance to dietary advice among fasting patients with diabetes during Ramadan. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(3):e47–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Mann JI, De Leeuw I, Hermansen K, Karamanos B, Karlström B, Katsilambros N. Evidence-based nutritional approaches to the treatment and prevention of diabetes mellitus. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2004;14(6):373–94.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Franz MJ, Powers MA, Leontos C, Holzmeister LA, Kulkarni K, Monk A. The evidence for medical nutrition therapy for type 1 and type 2 diabetes in adults. J Am Diet Assoc. 2010;110(12):1852–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Evert AB, Boucher JL, Cypress M, Dunbar SA, Franz MJ, Mayer-Davis EJ. Nutrition therapy recommendations for the management of adults with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(Supplement 1):S120–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Sheard NF, Clark NG, Brand-Miller JC, Franz MJ, Pi-Sunyer FX, Mayer-Davis E. Dietary carbohydrate (amount and type) in the prevention and management of diabetes: a statement by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(9):2266–71.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Dyson PA, Kelly T, Deakin T, Duncan A, Frost G, Harrison Z. Diabetes UK evidence-based nutrition guidelines for the prevention and management of diabetes. Diabet Med. 2011;28(11):1282–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Bantle JP, Wylie-Rosett J, Albright AL, Apovian CM, Clark NG, Franz MJ. Nutrition recommendations and interventions for diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:S61–78.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Allemann S, Houriet C, Diem P, Stettler C. Self-monitoring of blood glucose in non-insulin treated patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr Med Res Opin. 2009;25(12):2903–13.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Schnell O, Hanefeld M, Monnier L. Self-monitoring of blood glucose: a prerequisite for diabetes management in outcome trials. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2014;8(3):609–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Schwedes U, Siebolds M, Mertes G. Meal-related structured self-monitoring of blood glucose: effect on diabetes control in non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 2002;25(11):1928–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Peel E, Parry O, Douglas M, Lawton J. Blood glucose self-monitoring in non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: a qualitative study of patients’ perspectives. Br J Gen Pract. 2004;54(500):183–8.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Schnell O, Alawi H, Battelino T, Ceriello A, Diem P, Felton AM. Self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes: recent studies. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2013;7(2):478–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Chiari G, Ghidini B, Vanelli M. Effectiveness of a toll-free telephone hotline for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. A 5-year study. Acta Biomed. 2003;74(1):45–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Joseph, P. The effectiveness of telephone consultation in the management of patients with diabetes mellitus. (Unpublished master’s thesis). University of Chester, United Kingdom 2013. Available from: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/20072895.pdf. Accessed 11 Dec 2019.

  27. Shahid M, Mahar SA, Shaikh S, Shaikh ZU. Mobile phone intervention to improve diabetes care in rural areas of Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2015;25(3):166–71.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Suksomboon N, Poolsup N, Nge YL. Impact of phone call intervention on glycemic control in diabetes patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. PLoS One. 2014;9(2):e89207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Ahmed F, Asim-Bin-Zafar MR, Ghafoor E, Rehman RA, Uddin Q. Impact of 24-hour helpline service for people with diabetes. Pak J Med Sci. 2017;33(3):747–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Ahmedani MY, Alvi SF, Fawwad A, Basit A. Implementation of Ramadan-specific diabetes management recommendations: a multi-centered prospective study from Pakistan. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2014;13(1):37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Ahmad J, Pathan MF, Jaleel MA, Fathima FN, Raza SA, Khan AA. Diabetic emergencies including hypoglycemia during Ramadan. Ind J Endocrinol Metab. 2012;16(4):512.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Ramadan study group collaborators;

  1. 1)

    Prof. Hakim Ali Abro, Professor of medicine, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University, Larkana-Sindh

  2. 2)

    Prof. Abdul Basit, Professor of Medicine, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University Karachi-Sindh

  3. 3)

    Dr. Asher Fawwad, Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry Baqai Medical University

  4. 4)

    Dr. Farhat Ullah Khan, Consultant Diabetologist, Sambros Hospital, Karachi-Sindh

  5. 5)

    Dr. ShabeenNaz Masood, Consultant Obstetrician & Gynecologist, Sobhraj Maternity Hospital, KMC, Karachi,

  6. 6)

    Dr. Qamar Masood, Associate Professor of Endocrinology, Agha Khan University Hospital Karachi-Pakistan

  7. 7)

    Dr. Zahid Miyan, Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi – Sindh

  8. 8)

    Dr.Syed Abbas Raza, Consultant Endocrinologist at National Hospital and Medical Centre, Lahore

  9. 9)

    Dr. Musarrat Riaz, Consultant Physician, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University Karachi-Sindh

  10. 10)

    Dr. Sobia Sabir, Assistant Professor, Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

  11. 11)

    Dr. Muhammad Saif UlHaque, Department of Medicine, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University Karachi-Sindh

  12. 12)

    Dr. Awn Bin Zafar, Department of Medicine, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University Karachi-Sindh

  13. 13)

    Prof. Jamal Zafar, Professor of Medicine, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad – Punjab

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan

    Muhammad Yakoob Ahmedani

  2. Department of Research, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan

    Maheen Siddique

Authors
  1. Muhammad Yakoob Ahmedani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Maheen Siddique
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Consortia

Ramadan study group collaborators

Contributions

YA: Concept and design, interpretation of data, edit and review the manuscript.

MS: Write, edit and review the manuscript.

Ramadan study group collaborators: Members were responsible for the supervision of the survey, concept, design, data collection and data management in their respective areas.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Muhammad Yakoob Ahmedani.

Ethics declarations

Declaration of interest/conflict of interest

The authors declared that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ahmedani, M.Y., Siddique, M. & Ramadan study group collaborators. Assessing the awareness and care of people with diabetes related to Ramadan fasting; a-cross sectional study from Pakistan. J Diabetes Metab Disord 19, 29–36 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-019-00471-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-019-00471-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation