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Review of Hydrogen Embrittlement in Metals: Hydrogen Diffusion, Hydrogen Characterization, Hydrogen Embrittlement Mechanism and Prevention

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters) Aims and scope

Abstract

Hydrogen dissolved in metals as a result of internal and external hydrogen can affect the mechanical properties of the metals, principally through the interactions between hydrogen and material defects. Multiple phenomena such as hydrogen dissolution, hydrogen diffusion, hydrogen redistribution and hydrogen interactions with vacancies, dislocations, grain boundaries and other phase interfaces are involved in this process. Consequently, several hydrogen embrittlement (HE) mechanisms have been successively proposed to explain the HE phenomena, with the hydrogen-enhanced decohesion mechanism, hydrogen-enhanced localized plasticity mechanism and hydrogen-enhanced strain-induced vacancies being some of the most important. Additionally, to reduce the risk of HE for engineering structural materials in service, surface treatments and microstructural optimization of the alloys have been suggested. In this review, we report on the progress of the studies on HE in metals, with a particular focus on steels. It focuses on four aspects: (1) hydrogen diffusion behavior; (2) hydrogen characterization methods; (3) HE mechanisms; and (4) the prevention of HE. The strengths and weaknesses of the current HE mechanisms and HE prevention methods are discussed, and specific research directions for further investigation of fundamental HE mechanisms and methods for preventing HE failure are identified.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51505477), the Guangdong Provincial Key S&T Special Project (Nos. 2017B020235001 and 2019B010943001) and the Guangdong Education Department Fund (No. 2016KQNCX005). X. Li appreciates basic start-up fund of Sun-Yat Sen University (45000-18841218).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China

    Xinfeng Li & Xianfeng Ma

  2. State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, China

    Xinfeng Li & Xiaolong Song

  3. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA

    Jin Zhang

  4. Materials Design Division, Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan

    Eiji Akiyama

  5. School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China

    Yanfei Wang

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  1. Xinfeng Li
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Li, X., Ma, X., Zhang, J. et al. Review of Hydrogen Embrittlement in Metals: Hydrogen Diffusion, Hydrogen Characterization, Hydrogen Embrittlement Mechanism and Prevention. Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.) 33, 759–773 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40195-020-01039-7

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