Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of forced cooling after welding on CGHAZ mechanical properties of a martensitic steel

  • Research Paper
  • Published:
Welding in the World Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The effects of forced cooling, meaning forced cooling rate and forced cooling finish temperature, on the tensile and impact toughness properties of simulated weld coarse-grained heat-affected zones have been studied for a commercial grade martensitic steel with a yield strength of 960 MPa. The simulations were done by using a Gleeble 3800 to give forced cooling finish temperatures of 500, 400, 300, 200, and 100 °C and forced cooling rates of 50 and 15 °C/s. For the steel studied, strength significantly increased with no significant negative effects on impact toughness when the steel was cooled rapidly to 200 or 100 °C at 15 °C/s. The results indicate that it may be possible to improve welding productivity and mechanical properties of the steel by using forced cooling down to 100 °C to reduce waiting time between weld passes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Javidan F, Heidarpour A, Zhao X-L, Hutchinson CR, Minkkinen J (2016) Effect of weld on the mechanical properties of high strength and ultra-high strength steel tubes in fabricated hybrid sections. Eng Struct 118:16–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.03.046

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Qiang X, Jiang X, Bijlaard FS, Kolstein H (2016) Mechanical properties and design recommendations of very high strength steel {960} in fire. Eng Struct 112:60–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.01.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Romero ML, Ibaez C, Espinos A, Portols J, Hospitaler A (2016) Influence of ultra-high strength concrete on circular concrete-filled dual steel columns. Structures 9:13–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2016.07.001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Nilsen M, Sikström F, Christiansson A, Ancona A (2017) Vision and spectroscopic sensing for joint tracing in narrow gap laser butt welding. Opt Laser Technol 96:107–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2017.05.011

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Kim S, Kang D, Kim T-W, Lee J, Lee C (2011) Fatigue crack growth behavior of the simulated {HAZ} of 800 {MPa} grade high-performance steel. Mater Sci Eng A 528(6):2331–2338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2010.11.089

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. X. wei CHEN, B. LIAO, G. ying QIAO, Y. GU, X. WANG, F. ren XIAO, Effect of nb on mechanical properties of haz for high-nb x80 pipeline steels, J Iron Steel Res Int 20 (12) (2013) 53–60. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1006-706X(13)60216-2.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. il Jang J, Lee B-W, Ju J-B, Kwon D, sik Kim W (2003) Experimental analysis of the practical LBZ effects on the brittle fracture performance of cryogenic steel HAZs with respect to crack arrest toughness near fusion line. Eng Fract Mech 70(10):1245–1257. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7944(02)00111-X

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. SSAB, Welding of strenx, www.ssab.com/Products/Brands/Strenx/Products/Strenx-700-MC!tab=workshop, accessed: 2016–02-03

  9. Lan L, Kong X, Qiu C, Zhao D (2016) Influence of microstructural aspects on impact toughness of multi-pass submerged arc welded HSLA steel joints. Mater Des 90:488–498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.10.158

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Wang X, Wang X, Shang C, Misra R (2016) Characterization of the multi-pass weld metal and the impact of retained austenite obtained through intercritical heat treatment on low temperature toughness. Mater Sci Eng A 649:282–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2015.09.030

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Kim J, Yoon E (1998) Notch position in the HAZ specimen of reactor pressure vessel steel. J Nucl Mater 257(3):303–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00451-6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Wang XL, Tsai YT, Yang JR, Wang ZQ, Li XC, Shang CJ, Misra RDK (2016) Effect of interpass temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of multi-pass weld metal in a 550-MPa-grade offshore engineering steel. Weld World 61(6):1155–1168. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-017-0498-x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Sung HK, Lee DH, Shin SY, Lee S, Yoo JY, Hwang B (2015) Effect of finish cooling temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of high-strength bainitic steels containing Cr, Mo, and B. Mater Sci Eng A 624:14–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2014.11.035

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Laitila J, Larkiola J, Porter D (2017) Effect of forced cooling on the tensileproperties and impact toughness of the coarse-grained heat-affected zone of a high-strength structural steel. Weld World 62:79–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-017-0532-z

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Kumar S, Nath S, Kumar V (2016) Continuous cooling transformation behavior in the weld coarse grained heat affected zone and mechanical properties of nb-microalloyed and HY85 steels. Mater Des 90:177–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.10.071

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Samanta S, Biswas P, Giri S, Singh SB, Kundu S (2016) Formation of Bainite below the MS temperature: kinetics and crystallography. Acta Mater 105:390–403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2015.12.027

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Strenx 960 – high-strength S960QL structural steel - SSAB, http://www.ssab.com/products/brands/strenx/products/strenx-960, accessed: 2017–09-08

  18. Bono JT, DuPont JN, Jain D, Baik S-I, Seidman DN (2015) Investigation of strength recovery in welds of nucu-140 steel through multipass welding and isothermal post-weld heat treatments. Metall Mater Trans A 46(11):5158–5170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-015-3087-x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. H. Xie, L.-X. Du, J. Hu, G.-S. Sun, H.-Y. Wu, R. Misra, Effect of thermo-mechanical cycling on the microstructure and toughness in the weld {CGHAZ} of a novel high strength low carbon steel, Mater Sci Eng A 639 (2015) 482–488. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2015.05.033.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. (1995) Effect of Yield-Tensile Ratio on Structural Behavior - High Performance Steels for Bridge Construction, R.L. Brockenbrough associates, INC

  21. A. Bannister,(1999)Yield stress/tensile stress ratio: results of experimental programme, British Steel

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge Jukka Haapio for providing the basis of the data in Table 2 by conducting the cooling time experiments on the T-joint welds at the company Kemppi Oy in Lahti, Finland. We are grateful to Juha Uusitalo of the University of Oulu for conducting the Gleeble simulations.

Funding

The study received financial support from Tekes—the Finnish Funding Agency for Innovation within the DIMECC program MANU—Future digital manufacturing technologies and systems.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Materials and Production Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran Katu 1, FI-90570, Oulu, Finland

    Juhani Laitila, Jari Larkiola & David Porter

Authors
  1. Juhani Laitila
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jari Larkiola
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. David Porter
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Juhani Laitila.

Additional information

Recommended for publication by Commission IX - Behaviour of Metals Subjected to Welding

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Laitila, J., Larkiola, J. & Porter, D. Effect of forced cooling after welding on CGHAZ mechanical properties of a martensitic steel. Weld World 62, 1247–1254 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-018-0617-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-018-0617-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation