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A Comparative Study of Injection Technique to Enhance Clay Shale Strength Using Cement Paste and Geopolymer

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Abstract

Injection grouting is one of the most suitable techniques for enhancing the strength of degraded clay shale due to its capacity to reach greater depths. However, the appropriate injection material is necessary for improved grouting spreading area and soil strength. This research compared the performance of cement pastes and geopolymers derived from fly ash as grouting materials. In order to achieve the research objectives, grouting column dimension and unconfined compressive strength were evaluated on 24 grouted samples in the laboratory in conjunction with variations in relative compaction, water-cement ratio, and activator-fly ash ratio of geopolymer. Based on the results, it can be stated that fly ash-based geopolymer performs better than cement paste. Injection of geopolymer provided a greater grouting area, which increased soil strength substantially more than cement paste. Clay shale fragments absorb water during the injection of cement paste, hence shortening the initial setting time of cement paste. Consequently, cement paste instantly turns into a solid structure, thereby limiting the area of spreading. Lower relative compaction and greater water-cement or activator-fly ash ratios were also shown to enhance grouted column dimensions and reduce grouted column strength. In addition, the combination of grouted column size and grouted column strength influenced the increase in grouted sample strength.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia for the doctoral scholarship (first author).

Funding

This research was funded by a doctoral scholarship from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia

    Sumiyanto

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia

    S. P. R. Wardani

  3. Department of Civil Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

    A. S. Muntohar

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  1. Sumiyanto
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  2. S. P. R. Wardani
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  3. A. S. Muntohar
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Correspondence to Sumiyanto.

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The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

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Sumiyanto, Wardani, S.P.R. & Muntohar, A.S. A Comparative Study of Injection Technique to Enhance Clay Shale Strength Using Cement Paste and Geopolymer. Indian Geotech J (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-024-00884-y

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