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Intimation of Gravitational Body Forces in Magnetized Transport of Bio-Nanofluid Flow with Bioconvection and Variable Viscosity

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Abstract

On account of technological and industrial applications, nanofluids are more realistic to boost heat transfer as compared to simple fluids. Therefore, the contemporary mathematical study offers a theoretical analysis regarding incompressible, time-independent electrical magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid flow over a vertical stretching surface. In addition, the influence of convective boundary conditions along with gravitational body forces is considered. To explore the performance of the nanofluid with a viscosity variable for different bodily impacts, we deliberated Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameters in the flow. A well-known shooting technique was implemented to numerically solve the nonlinear system of governing equations. Throughout, the significance of emerging parameters like bioconvection parameter, Peclet number thermophoresis, Lewis numbers, Brownian motion, Prandtl number, magnetic parameter and Schmidt number is elucidated via plots, whereas the division of numerous appreciated physical measures like local Nusselt number, coefficient of skin friction, local Sherwood number and local density of the motile microorganisms is also tabulated. The core finding of the current study is that it helps to control the rate at which heat is transported as well as fluid speed in any industrial applications to make wanted nature of the eventual outcome.

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Data availability

Data will be available on request.

Abbreviations

BVP:

Boundary value problem

IVP:

Initial value problem

MHD:

Magnetohydrodynamics

ODEs:

Ordinary differential equations

PDEs:

Partial differential equation

\(M\) :

Harman number

\(\lambda\) :

Variable viscosity

\(Pr\) :

Prandtl number

\({R}_{ex}\) :

Local Reynolds number

\(\delta\) :

Swimming microorganism intensity variation parameter

\(Nt\) :

Thermophoresis parameter

\(Lb\) :

Bioconvection Lewis number

\({B}_{T}\) :

Local concentration Grashof number

\(Nb\) :

Brownian motion parameter

\(Sc\) :

Schmidt number

\(Gr\) :

Thermal Grashof numbers

\(Br\) :

Concentration Grashof numbers

\(Pe\) :

Peclet number

\({G}_{T}\) :

Local thermal Grashof number

\((u,v)\) :

Components of velocity

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Sciences, The Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan

    Muhammad Jawad

  2. Department of Mathematics, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Jawad

  3. Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Optical Engineering, Shenzhen university, Shenzhen, China

    Muhammad Sajid

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M.J. and M.S. prepared and reviewed the manuscript. All authors are equally contributed.

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Correspondence to Muhammad Jawad.

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Jawad, M., Sajid, M. Intimation of Gravitational Body Forces in Magnetized Transport of Bio-Nanofluid Flow with Bioconvection and Variable Viscosity. J. Inst. Eng. India Ser. E 104, 223–235 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40034-023-00280-w

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