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Numerical Simulation of Ground Movement Due to Tunneling

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Abstract

The tunneling process results in ground movement. The prediction of ground movement can be achieved by using numerical analysis, analytical methods, and empirical methods. In the present paper, a parametric study via finite element program (Plaxis2D) was implemented to investigate the effect of some parameters like volume loss, the relative density of sand, and cover-to-diameter ratio (C/D). For the verification and judging of the reliability of the model results, the finite element results were compared with field measurements of the Greater Cairo Metro tunnel. Moreover, the model results were validated using the empirical formula (Peck, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Mexico, pp 225–290, 1969). The results show that the numerical model results are fairly in agreement with the field measurements and empirical formula. The maximum value of the horizontal displacement occurred at the ground surface. Moreover, the horizontal displacement decreases, as the depth increases. The formula of peck gives an accurate value of the settlement and considers a reliable method for calculating the maximum settlement due to the tunneling process, especially in the preliminary stages of the project. The surface settlement calculated using volume loss = 0.5% is very close to real field observation. Furthermore, the width of the settlement trough increases, as the volume loss increases.

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  1. Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Qena, Egypt

    Moamen Abd El Raouf

  2. Department of Construction Engineering, October High Institute of Engineering and Technology, Giza, Egypt

    Khaled M. M. Bahloul

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  1. Moamen Abd El Raouf
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Correspondence to Moamen Abd El Raouf.

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El Raouf, M.A., Bahloul, K.M.M. Numerical Simulation of Ground Movement Due to Tunneling. J. Inst. Eng. India Ser. A 104, 653–663 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40030-023-00746-5

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