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Effects of Temperature and pH on Acute Toxicity of Triclosan in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878)

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Abstract

The present investigation aimed to evaluate acute toxicity of an emergent pollutant, triclosan (TCS), in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus under the influence of varied temperatures and pH. Degradation of TCS in aqueous solution was estimated under in vitro condition at different temperatures and pH separately and in combination. Further, the effect of temperature (25, 30 and 35 °C) and pH (6.5, 7.5 and 8.5) on the acute toxicity of TCS for fish was evaluated. The combined effects of temperature and pH showed the highest degradation of TCS at temperature 35 °C and pH 7.5. The lowest 96-h LC50 of TCS for P. hypophthalmus was observed at 25 °C and pH 6.5. Moreover, in the combinatorial study, the exposed fishes showed marked clinical signs of acute stress such as air-gulping, respiratory distress and overproduction of mucus on the surface of the body with varying degrees depending upon the concentration of TCS. Therefore, the environmental concentrations of TCS in different habitats may have different manifestations on aquatic organisms and might be applied in future screening level for ecotoxicological risk assessments.

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Acknowledgements

The first author expresses sincere gratitude to the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) providing Junior Research Fellowship during the entire study period. The authors are also thankful to the Director & Vice-chancellor, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai, and Head of Department, Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR-CIFE, Mumbai, for providing all possible facilities to complete this research work successfully.

Funding

This work was supported by ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai, India.

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  1. Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India

    Tapas Paul, S. P. Shukla, Kundan Kumar, Nalini Poojary, S. Manickavasagam & Saurav Kumar

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Significance Statement

In the present study, the rate of degradation of triclosan is increased at higher temperatures and near-neutral pH. The low level of temperature and pH in combination elevates the acute toxicity of triclosan in fish.

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Paul, T., Shukla, S.P., Kumar, K. et al. Effects of Temperature and pH on Acute Toxicity of Triclosan in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India, Sect. B Biol. Sci. 90, 677–685 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-019-01143-4

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