Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Biofilm Changes of Clinically Isolated Coagulase Negative Staphylococci

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) are remarkable for the heterogeneity in the chemical composition and structural architecture of its biofilm. The present study was aimed to investigate the impact of various factors on biofilm structure and composition of clinically isolated CoNS. Here, comparative microscopic analysis on CoNS biofilm was carried out under various physiological conditions. Quantitative and electron microscopic analysis of biofilm was conducted in the presence of different concentrations of glucose, NaCl, plasma and serum. From this, different CoNS strains were found to form its own pattern of biofilm in the presence of glucose or NaCl and also with respect to the biofilm-associated genes present. The growth conditions used in the study for the CoNS were shown to induce biofilm formation with the structural features designed by its genotype. The study gave insight into the fine modulation of CoNS biofilm structure in accordance with species, genetic basis and environmental conditions. Hence, the results can have clinical significance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Cervera C, Almela M, Martínez-Martínez JA, Moreno A, Miró JM (2009) Risk factors and management of Gram-positive bacteraemia. Int J Antimicrob Agents 34:S26–S30. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0924-8579(09)70562-x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Thomas R, Soumya KR, Mathew J, Radhakrishnan EK (2015) Inhibitory effect of silver nanoparticle fabricated urinary catheter on colonization efficiency of Coagulase Negative Staphylococci. J Photochem Photobiol, B 149:68–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.04.034

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Gad GF, El-Feky MA, El-Rehewy MS, Hassan MA, Abolella H, El-Baky RM (2009) Detection of icaA, icaD genes and biofilm production by Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from urinary tract catheterized patients. J Infect Dev Ctries 3(5):342–351

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Soumya KR, Snigdha S, Sugathan S, Mathew J, Radhakrishnan EK (2017) Zinc oxide–curcumin nanocomposite loaded collagen membrane as an effective material against methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci. 3 Biotech. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-017-0861-z

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Johnson LR (2008) Microcolony and biofilm formation as a survival strategy for bacteria. J Theor Biol 251(1):24–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2007.10.039

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Oliveira A, Cunha M (2008) Bacterial biofilms with emphasis on coagulase-negative staphylococci. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 14(4):572–596. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-91992008000400003

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Soumya KR, Philip S, Sugathan S, Mathew J, Radhakrishnan EK (2017) Virulence factors associated with Coagulase Negative Staphylococci isolated from human infections. 3 Biotech. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-017-0753-2

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Agarwal A, Singh KP, Jain A (2010) Medical significance and management of staphylococcal biofilm. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 58(2):147–160. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2009.00601.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Fey PD, Olson ME (2010) Current concepts in biofilm formation of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Future Microbiol 5(6):917–933. https://doi.org/10.2217/fmb.10.56

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Cotter JJ, O’Gara JP, Mack D, Casey E (2008) Oxygen-mediated regulation of biofilm development is controlled by the alternative sigma factor B in Staphylococcus epidermidis. Appl Environ Microbiol 75(1):261–264. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.00261-08

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Soumya KR, Thomas SA, Sugathan S, Mathew J, Radhakrishnan EK (2013) Antibiotic susceptibility and multiplex PCR analysis of Coagulase Negative Staphylococci isolated from laboratory workers. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 2:266–272

    Google Scholar 

  12. Soumya KR, Sugathan S, Mathew J, Radhakrishnan EK (2016) Studies on coexistence of mec gene, IS256 and novel sasX gene among human clinical coagulase-negative staphylococci. 3 Biotech 6(2):233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-016-0549-9

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Gowrishankar S, Pandian SK (1859) Modulation of Staphylococcus epidermidis (RP62A) extracellular polymeric layer by marine cyclic dipeptide-cyclo(l-leucyl-l-prolyl) thwarts biofilm formation. Biochim Biophys Acta (BBA) Biomembr 7:1254–1262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.04.009

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Agarwal A, Jain A (2013) Glucose & sodium chloride induced biofilm production & ica operon in clinical isolates of staphylococci. Indian J Med Res 138:262–266

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Kreth J, Schaudinn C, Stoodley P, Hall-Stoodley L, Gorur A, Remis J, Wu S, Auer M, Hertwig S, Guerrero-Given D, Hu FZ, Ehrlich GD, Costerton JW, Robinson DH, Webster P (2014) Death and transfiguration in static Staphylococcus epidermidis cultures. PLoS ONE 9(6):e100002. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100002

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Takahashi C, Kalita G, Ogawa N, Moriguchi K, Tanemura M, Kawashima Y, Yamamoto H (2015) Electron microscopy of Staphylococcus epidermidis fibril and biofilm formation using image-enhancing ionic liquid. Anal Bioanal Chem 407(6):1607–1613. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-014-8391-6

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Nelson A, Hultenby K, Hell E, Riedel HM, Brismar H, Flock JI, Lundahl J, Giske CG, Marchini G (2009) Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from newborn infants express pilus-like structures and are inhibited by the cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptide LL37. Pediatr Res 66(2):174–178. https://doi.org/10.1203/PDR.0b013e3181a9d80c

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Buttner H, Mack D, Rohde H (2015) Structural basis of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation: mechanisms and molecular interactions. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 5:14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2015.00014

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Banner MA, Cunniffe JG, Macintosh RL, Foster TJ, Rohde H, Mack D, Hoyes E, Derrick J, Upton M, Handley PS (2007) Localized tufts of fibrils on Staphylococcus epidermidis NCTC 11047 are comprised of the accumulation-associated protein. J Bacteriol 189(7):2793–2804. https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.00952-06

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Schommer NN, Christner M, Hentschke M, Ruckdeschel K, Aepfelbacher M, Rohde H (2011) Staphylococcus epidermidis uses distinct mechanisms of biofilm formation to interfere with phagocytosis and activation of mouse macrophage-like cells 774A.1. Infect Immun 79(6):2267–2276. https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.01142-10

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Dobinsky S, Kiel K, Rohde H, Bartscht K, Knobloch JK, Horstkotte MA, Mack D (2003) Glucose-related dissociation between icaADBC transcription and biofilm expression by Staphylococcus epidermidis: evidence for an additional factor required for polysaccharide intercellular adhesin synthesis. J Bacteriol 185(9):2879–2886

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Vuong C, Kidder JB, Jacobson ER, Otto M, Proctor RA, Somerville GA (2005) Staphylococcus epidermidis polysaccharide intercellular adhesin production significantly increases during tricarboxylic acid cycle stress. J Bacteriol 187(9):2967–2973. https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.187.9.2967-2973.2005

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Sadykov MR, Olson ME, Halouska S, Zhu Y, Fey PD, Powers R, Somerville GA (2008) Tricarboxylic acid cycle-dependent regulation of Staphylococcus epidermidis polysaccharide intercellular adhesin synthesis. J Bacteriol 190(23):7621–7632. https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.00806-08

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. You Y, Xue T, Cao L, Zhao L, Sun H, Sun B (2014) Staphylococcus aureus glucose-induced biofilm accessory proteins, GbaAB, influence biofilm formation in a PIA-dependent manner. Int J Med Microbiol IJMM 304(5–6):603–612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmm.2014.04.003

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Sadykov MR, Hartmann T, Mattes TA, Hiatt M, Jann NJ, Zhu Y, Ledala N, Landmann R, Herrmann M, Rohde H, Bischoff M, Somerville GA (2011) CcpA coordinates central metabolism and biofilm formation in Staphylococcus epidermidis. Microbiology 157(Pt 12):3458–3468. https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.051243-0

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Neopane P, Nepal HP, Shrestha R, Uehara O, Abiko Y (2018) In vitro biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus isolated from wounds of hospital-admitted patients and their association with antimicrobial resistance. Int J Gen Med 11:25–32. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S153268

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Greco C, Martincic I, Gusinjac A, Kalab M, Yang AF, Ramirez-Arcos S (2007) Staphylococcus epidermidis forms biofilms under simulated platelet storage conditions. Transfusion 47(7):1143–1153. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01249.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Cardile AP, Sanchez CJ, Samberg ME, Romano DR, Hardy SK, Wenke JC, Murray CK, Akers KS (2014) Human plasma enhances the expression of Staphylococcal microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules promoting biofilm formation and increases antimicrobial tolerance in vitro. BMC Res Notes 7(1):457. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-7-457

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Franca A, Cerca N (2016) Plasma is the main regulator of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms virulence genes transcription in human blood. Pathog Dis. https://doi.org/10.1093/femspd/ftv125

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Ding X, Liu Z, Su J, Yan D (2014) Human serum inhibits adhesion and biofilm formation in Candida albicans. BMC Microbiol 14:80. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-14-80

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Government of India, for the funded project on Coagulase Negative Staphylococci. They thank DBT RGYI and DBT–MSUB-IPLSARE programmes supporting to School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala, India. They also acknowledge the Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India, for providing support for the HR-TEM and SEM analysis of samples.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, PD Hills (PO), Kottayam, Kerala, 686 560, India

    K. R. Soumya, P. Jishma, Jyothis Mathew & E. K. Radhakrishnan

  2. Sree Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Chalakka, Ernakulam, Kerala, 683594, India

    Sheela Sugathan

Authors
  1. K. R. Soumya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. P. Jishma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sheela Sugathan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jyothis Mathew
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. E. K. Radhakrishnan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to E. K. Radhakrishnan.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest to publish this manuscript.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Significance Statement

Biofilm architecture of clinically isolated Coagulase Negative Staphylococci was found to get modulated by various factors.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Soumya, K.R., Jishma, P., Sugathan, S. et al. Biofilm Changes of Clinically Isolated Coagulase Negative Staphylococci. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India, Sect. B Biol. Sci. 90, 199–206 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-019-01096-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-019-01096-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation