Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Dietary Administered Bacillus sp. PP9 Enhances Growth, Nutrition and Immunity in Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton)

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Bacillus sp. PP9, a noble bacterial isolate of mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) gut was investigated for its efficacy as a dietary probiotic against mrigal (C. mrigala) through a dose dependent impact assessment. Mrigal fingerlings (avg.wt. 2.5 ± 0.20 g) were fed with three different doses (2 × 104, 2 × 105 and 2 × 106 CFU) of Bacillus sp. PP9 admixed with 100 g feed for a period of 60 days. It was found that the feed with Bacillus concentration of 2 × 104 CFU exhibited significantly higher growth, maximum RNA DNA ratio, lower food conversion ratio in comparison to other two feed types. Enhanced intestinal protease and α-amylase activity followed by maximum hepatic glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase levels were also monitored in this specific feed type. Important hematological parameters like hemoglobin percentage, total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, corpuscular hemoglobin also indicated a healthy trend in this dose. Furthermore, the same dietary treatment exhibited highest levels of total serum protein, albumin globulin ratio and serum bactericidal activity. The growth, nutrition and immunological parameters showed a declining trend with increase in the bacterial concentration as well as in the control group (without probiotic). In summary, dietary supplement of 2 × 104/100 g appears as a potential probiotic dose of Bacillus sp. PP9 for growth, nutritional efficacy as well as immunological modulation of C. mrigala and denotes a recommended concentration for its future field applications.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Lafferty KD, Harvell CD, Conrad JM, Friedman CS, Kent ML, Kuris AM, Powell EN, Rondeau D, Saksida SM (2015) Infectious diseases affect marine fisheries and aquaculture economics. Ann Rev Mar Sci 7:471–496

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Perez-Sanchez T, Ruiz-Zarzuela I, de Blas I, Balcazar JL (2013) Probiotics in aquaculture: a current assessment. Rev Aquac 6:133–146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Daga P, Feijoo G, Moreira MT, Costas D, Villanueva AG, Lema JM (2013) Bioencapsulated probiotics increased survival, growth and improved gut flora of turbot (Psetta maxima) larvae. Aquac Int 21:337–345

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Bandyopadhyay P, Mohapatra PKD (2009) Effect of a probiotic bacterium Bacillus circulans PB7in the formulated diets: on growth, nutritional quality and immunity of Catla catla (Ham.). Fish Physiol Biochem 35:467–478

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Cruz PM, Ibanez AL, Hermosillo OAM, Saad HCR (2012) Use of probiotics in aquaculture. ISRN Microbiol 2012:916845

    Google Scholar 

  6. Ravi AV, Musthafa KS, Jegathammbal G, Kathiresan K, Pandian SK (2007) Screening and evaluation of probiotics as a biocontrol agent against pathogenic Vibrios in marine aquaculture. Lett Appl Microbiol 45:219–223

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Gautam N, Sharma N (2014) Evaluation of probiotic potential of New Bacterial Strain, Lactobacillus spicheri G2 Isolated from Gundruk. Proc Natl Acad Sci India B. doi:10.1007/s40011-014-0458-9

    Google Scholar 

  8. Bandyopadhyay P, Patra BC (2005) Molecular identification of two potential probiotic bacteria Bacillus circulans PB7 and Bacillus sp. PP9 and three fish pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila AH1, AH2 and AH3 in the Indian major carps. Ekologia 3:107–116

    Google Scholar 

  9. Lessard M, Brisson GJ (1987) Effect of a Lactobacillus fermentation product on growth, immune response and fecal enzyme activity in weaned pigs. Can J Anim Sci 67:509–516

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. APHA (2012) Standard methods for the examination of water and waste waters. American public Health Organization (APHA), American Water Works Association (AWWA) & Water Environment Federation (WEF), USA

  11. AOAC (1990) Official methods of analysis. Association of Analytical Chemists, Virginia

    Google Scholar 

  12. Patra BC, Maity J, Debnath J, Patra S (2002) Making aquatic weed useful II: nymphoides critatum (Roxb.)O.Kuntze as fish feed for an Indian major carp Labeo rohita (Ham.). Aquac Nutr 8:33–42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Munro HN, Fleck A (1969) Analysis of tissues and body fluids for nitrogenous constituents. In: Munro HN (ed) Mammalian protein metabolism. Academic Press, New York, pp 423–525

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  14. Bernfeld P (1955) Amylase α and β. In: Colowick SP, Kaplan NO (eds) Methods in enzymology, vol I. Academic Press, New York, pp 149–158

    Google Scholar 

  15. Bergmeyer HU, Bernt E (1974) Colorimetric assay of Reitman and Frankel. In: Bergmeyer HU (ed), Methods of enzymatic analysis. Vol. II, Academic Press Inc., New York, pp. 735–739, 760–764

  16. Decie SIV, Lewis SM (1991) Practical haematology. J and A Churchill Ltd, Livingston

    Google Scholar 

  17. Lavanya S, Ramesh M, Kavitha C, Malarvizhi A (2011) Hematological, biochemical and ionoregulatory responses of Indian major carp Catla catla during chronic sublethal exposure to inorganic arsenic. Chemosphere 82:977–985

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Plumb JA, Areechon N (1990) Effect of malathion on humoral immune response of channel catfish. Dev Comp Immunol 14:355–358

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Kajita Y, Sakai M, Atsuta S, Kobayashi M (1990) The immunomodulatory effects of levamisole on rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Fish Pathol 25:93–98

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Pan CY, Wang YD, Chen JY (2013) Immunomodulatory effects of dietary Bacillus coagulans in grouper (Epinephelus coioides) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) infected with Vibrio vulnificus. Aquac Int 21:1155–1168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Keysami MA, Mohammadpour M (2013) Effect of Bacillus subtilis on Aeromonas hydrophila infection resistance in juvenile freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man). Aquat Int 21:553–562

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Reda RM, Selim KM (2014) Evaluation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, hematology and body composition of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Aquat Int 10.1007/s10499-014-9809-z

  23. Bagheri T, Hedayati SA, Yavari V, Alizade M, Farzanfar A (2008) Growth, survival and gut microbial load of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) fry given diet supplemented with probiotic during the two months of first feeding. Turk J Fish Aquat Sci 8:43–48

    Google Scholar 

  24. Mehrim AI (2009) Effect of dietary supplementation of Biogen (Commercial Probiotic) on mono-sex Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus under different stocking densities. J Fish Aquat Sci 4:261–273

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Arıg N, Suzer C, Gokvardar A, Başaran F, Çoban D, Yıldırım S, Kamaci HO, Fırat K, Saka S (2013) Effects of probiotic (Bacillus sp.) supplementation during larval development of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, L.). Turk J Fish Aquat Sci 13:407–414

    Google Scholar 

  26. Rengpipat S, Phianphak W, Piyatiratitivorakul S, Menasveta P (2000) Immunity enhancement in black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon by a probiont bacterium Bacillus S11. Aquaculture 191:271–288

  27. Bandyopadhyay P, Swain SK, Mishra S (2004) Effect of probiotics on Black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon survival and growth. Bioresour Technol 96:731–740

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Zehra S, Khan MA (2013) Dietary lysine requirement of fingerling Catla catla (Hamilton) based on growth, protein deposition, lysine retention efficiency, RNA/DNA ratio and carcass composition. Fish Physiol Biochem 9:503–512

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Steffens W (1981) Protein utilization of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and carp (Cyprinus carpio): a brief review. Aquaculture 23:337–345

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Saigal BN, Ghosh A, Datta AK (1974) Observations on the carbohydrate digestive enzymes in carnivorus catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). J Inland Fish Soc India 6:83–84

    Google Scholar 

  31. Swick RW, Barnstein PL, Strange JL (1965) The response of the isozymes of alanine aminotransferase to diet and hormones. J Biol Chem 240:3341–3345

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Banerjee SK, Patra BC, Bandyopadhyay P, Tiwary A (2002) Changes of the blood parameters in an Indian major carps, Catla catla Ham. due to myxozoan parasites infection. J Aquat Biol 17:79–84

    Google Scholar 

  33. Iwashita MKP, Nakandakare IB, Terhune JS, Wood T, Ranzani-Paiva MJT (2015) Dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus oryzae enhance immunity and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus iniae infection in juvenile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 43:60–66

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Bandyopadhyay P, Mishra S, Sarkar B, Swain SK, Pal A, Tripathy PP, Ojha SK (2015) Dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae boosts growth and immunity of IMC Labeo rohita (Ham.) juveniles. Ind J Microbiol 55:81–87

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Authors would like to express their thanks to Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi, India for financial assistance. The authors are also thankful to Head of the Department, Department of Zoology and Vice-Chancellor, Vidyasagar University for providing necessary facilities.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Partha Bandyopadhyay

    Present address: Biostadt India Limited, Poonam Chambers, A Wing, 6th, Floor, Dr. A. B. Road, Worli, Mumbai, 400018, India

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Aquaculture Research Unit, Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India

    Partha Bandyopadhyay & Bidhan Chandra Patra

  2. School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India

    Biplab Sarkar, Arabinda Mahanty & Raja M. Rathore

  3. Nutrimar As, 7266, Kverva, Norway

    Raja M. Rathore

  4. Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700120, India

    Arabinda Mahanty

  5. National Institute of abiotic stress management, Baramati, Pune, Maharashtra, India

    Biplab Sarkar

Authors
  1. Partha Bandyopadhyay
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Biplab Sarkar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Arabinda Mahanty
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Raja M. Rathore
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Bidhan Chandra Patra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Biplab Sarkar.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bandyopadhyay, P., Sarkar, B., Mahanty, A. et al. Dietary Administered Bacillus sp. PP9 Enhances Growth, Nutrition and Immunity in Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India, Sect. B Biol. Sci. 85, 759–766 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-015-0561-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-015-0561-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation