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Genotype-by-Environment Interaction and Stability Analysis for Grain Yield in Durum Wheat Using GGE Biplot and Genotypic and Environmental Covariates

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Abstract

Understanding the genetic and environmental causes of genotype-by-environment (GE) interaction for grain yield is of fundamental importance in plant breeding. This study aimed at investigating the GE interaction and the stability of durum wheat (Tritium turgidum L. ssp. durum) genotypes evaluated for grain yield across different locations and years, using empirical and analytical models. The study used 19 genotypes in 14 environments, representative of rainfed durum wheat-growing areas. The genotype main effect plus GE interaction (GGE) biplot model, partial least squares regression and factorial regression models were applied for data analysis. The combined ANOVA revealed significant genotype, environment and GE interaction effects, with the environmental main effect as a main source of variation (77.9% of total variation). The mean yield of the genotypes ranged from 486 to 5594 kg/ha across environments. Using GGE biplot analysis, the test environments were classified into four groups, each with different winning genotypes. Based on mean yield and stability performance across environments, breeding lines G17 and G15 significantly out-yielded the best national check and could be recommended for release as new varieties. Rainfalls in March, June, November and May, average temperatures in June and May, heading date and 1000-kernel weight were among the explanatory covariates that significantly (P < 0.01) affected the GE interaction for grain yield.

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Acknowledgements

This research (Grant Code: 0-15-15-072-961355) was funded by Dryland Agriculture Research Institute (DARI) of Iran. The authors thank the two reviewers and the editor of Agricultural Research for providing helpful comments and corrections on this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dryland Agricultural Research Institute (DARI), AREEO, Sararood Branch, Kermanshah, Iran

    Reza Mohammadi

  2. Dryland Agricultural Research Institute (DARI), AREEO, Maragheh, Iran

    Jaffar Jafarzadeh

  3. Horticulture and Crop Science Research Department, Ilam Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ilam, Iran

    Mohammad Mehdi Poursiahbidi

  4. Horticulture and Crop Science Research Department, North Khorasan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Bojnurd, Iran

    Hossein Hatamzadeh

  5. International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat, Morocco

    Ahmed Amri

Authors
  1. Reza Mohammadi
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  2. Jaffar Jafarzadeh
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  3. Mohammad Mehdi Poursiahbidi
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  4. Hossein Hatamzadeh
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  5. Ahmed Amri
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Contributions

RM conceptualized the experiment and designed the methodology. RM, JJ, MMP and HH performed the field evaluations and recorded data. RM performed the data analysis, software implementation and visualization and wrote the original manuscript. AA contributed to the interpretation of results and revision of the manuscript. All the authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Reza Mohammadi.

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Mohammadi, R., Jafarzadeh, J., Poursiahbidi, M.M. et al. Genotype-by-Environment Interaction and Stability Analysis for Grain Yield in Durum Wheat Using GGE Biplot and Genotypic and Environmental Covariates. Agric Res 12, 364–374 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40003-023-00661-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40003-023-00661-y

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