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Anti-hyperglycemic activity of polyphenols isolated from barnyard millet (Echinochloa utilis L.) and their role inhibiting α-glucosidase

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Abstract

The extracts and chemical compounds isolated from barnyard millet (Echinochloa utilis) grains were investigated as part of a search for naturally derived anti-hyperglycemic medicinal plants. Among the five different solvent extracts, the ethyl acetate extract showed the lowest IC50 value against Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-glucosidase (70.2 μg/mL). Chromatography yielded eight phenolic compounds that may have been responsible for this effect. Among them, N-p-coumaroyl serotonin (1, CS), feruloyl serotonin (2, FS), and luteolin (5) potently inhibited α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 1.3–17.8 μM compared with those of deoxynojirimycin (DNJ, IC50 = 2.5 ± 0.1 μM) and acarbose (IC50 = 255.1 ± 15.6 μM). Additionally, for the first time, we found that CS and FS were significantly inhibited mammalian rat intestinal sucrase (IC50 of 3.0 and 8.2 μM) and reduced glucose content (73 and 52 % at 0.1 mg/wells) in Caco-2 (human intestinal epithelial) cells. Furthermore, oral glucose tolerance test revealed improved glucose tolerance following treatment with the barnyard millet grains extract by retarding the postprandial rise in blood glucose in vivo. These results suggest that barnyard millet grain can be used as a natural functional medicine to prevent and alleviate type-2 diabetes.

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Acknowledgments

This work was carried out with the support of the “Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (Project title: Study of metabolites and new materials for improvement of lifestyle related disease on rice and barley, Project No. PJ00925701),” Rural Development Administration (RDA), Republic of Korea.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Crop Foundation Division, NICS, 181 Hyeoksin-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 565-851, Republic of Korea

    Kyung-Hye Seo, Ji-Eun Ra, Sun Rim Kim & Woo Duck Seo

  2. Division of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea

    Sung-Joon Lee & Ji Hae Lee

  3. National Institute of Chemical Safety, Ministry of Environment, Daejeon, 305-343, Republic of Korea

    Jin Hwan Lee

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  1. Kyung-Hye Seo
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  2. Ji-Eun Ra
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  3. Sung-Joon Lee
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  4. Ji Hae Lee
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  5. Sun Rim Kim
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Correspondence to Jin Hwan Lee or Woo Duck Seo.

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Seo, KH., Ra, JE., Lee, SJ. et al. Anti-hyperglycemic activity of polyphenols isolated from barnyard millet (Echinochloa utilis L.) and their role inhibiting α-glucosidase. J Korean Soc Appl Biol Chem 58, 571–579 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13765-015-0070-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13765-015-0070-6

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