Abstract
Pollution in reservoirs affects the water quality, ecosystem services, and CH4 emissions. High temperatures and eutrophic conditions in a tropical urban reservoir can potentially increase CH4 fluxes. To investigate the interference of pollution on CH4 fluxes in Guarapiranga, a highly urbanized tropical reservoir (Brazil), four sampling stations (G1 to G4) with different degrees of pollution were evaluated. The sampling campaigns occurred from May (2018) to March (2019), considering spatio-temporal dimensions and water and sediment characteristics. Chemical analysis for these compartments were carried out followed by statistical analyzes and Random Forest modeling to understand the relationship between water and sediment characteristics on CH4 fluxes and to rank the most important predictors for CH4. Statistical analysis showed differences on CH4 fluxes (Kruskal–Wallis, p < 0.01), except between May and August (p < 0.05). The highest CH4 fluxes were observed during March (G3 = 722.0 mg m−2 d−1, and G2 = 439.2 mg m−2 d−1). Carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen, both in the water and sediment, showed anthropogenic impact in all stations. The Random Forest model pointed temperature, pH and DOC as the main predictors of CH4 fluxes in Guarapiranga reservoir. We observed an increase on CH4 fluxes in warmer waters (above 29 °C) during March and with pH close to 7.0. This is the first study that quantified and associated CH4 fluxes in the Guarapiranga reservoir with limnological variables in the most populous region in South America. Our results provide an advance on main factors which governs CH4 fluxes in tropical urban reservoirs.
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Acknowledgements
This study was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) (Process number: 2017/10355-1) and for technical training scholarships (Process: 2017/19001-8; 2018/20417-7; 2019/23767-1). We also thank the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brazil (CAPES) and the Central Experimental Multiusuário from Universidade Federal do ABC.
Funding
This study was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) (Process number: 2017/10355-1) and for technical training scholarships (Process: 2017/19001-8; 2018/20417-7; 2019/23767-1).
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The authors DOdC, MGdS, RHT and RFB contributed to the study conception and design. LHGC, RFB, MLMP and MGdS contributed to Methodolog. DOdC, LHGC, RFB, TAdJ; WSH; MRD; MLMP and RHT contributed to Formal analysis and investigation. DOdC, MGdS and RFB contributed to Writing—original draft preparation. MGdS, LHGC, TAdJ contributed to Writing—review and editing; WSH; MRD; MLMP; RHT; RFB; MLMP and RFB contributed to Funding acquisition and Resources; MGdS and RFB contributed to Supervision.
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da Costa, D.O., Taniwaki, R.H., Coelho, L.H.G. et al. Increased methane emission associated with anthropogenic activities in a highly urbanized tropical reservoir. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 21, 6733–6744 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-023-05437-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-023-05437-z