Abstract
The microbial fuel cell is a concept that uses an organic substrate to generate electrons and electrochemically degrade pollutants. This approach is now confronting two key challenges: electron production and electron transportation from anode to cathode. The organic substrate is in charge of electron generation; whereas, the anode electrode is responsible for electron transportation. According to recent literature, the present work focuses on using cellulose biomass as a starting material to prepare the graphene oxide anode and also modifying it with titanium oxide to make a modified anode electrode. Mango extract, on the other hand, was used as an organic substrate. When compared to other studies, the findings of this one are rather distinctive. The obtained power density was 1.48 mW/m2 for the graphene oxide anode and 3.51 mW/m2 for the graphene-titanium oxide anode because graphene oxide had 785.71 Ω internal resistance; whereas, graphene-titanium oxide anode had 395.34 Ω. Electrochemical research revealed that both electrodes transport efficiently, with the titanium oxide addition boosting the performance. On the other hand, metal degradation efficiency was greater than 80% in both cases. Finally, a mango extract oxidation mechanism is included, as are challenges and future recommendations.
Similar content being viewed by others
Availability of data and materials
The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. Data can be obtained after submitting a request to the corresponding/first author.
References
Abazarian E, Gheshlaghi R, Mahdavi MA (2016) The effect of number and configuration of sediment microbial fuel cells on their performance in an open channel architecture. J Power Sour 325:739–744
Abbas SZ, Rafatullah M, Ismail N, Shakoori FR (2018) Electrochemistry and microbiology of microbial fuel cells treating marine sediments polluted with heavy metals. RSC Adv 8:18800–18813
Abdulrahman Oyekanmi A, Abd Latiff AA, Daud Z, Saphira Radin Mohamed RM, Ismail N, Ab Aziz A, Rafatullah M, Hossain K, Ahmad A, Kamoldeen Abiodun A (2019) Adsorption of cadmium and lead from palm oil mill effluent using bone-composite: optimisation and isotherm studies. Int J Environ Anal Chem 99:707–725
Ahmad A, Ibrahim MNM, Yaqoob AA, Setapar SHM (2022) Microbial fuel cells for environmental remediation. Springer, Berlin
Ahmad H, Parveen T, Ahmad A, Oves M, Ismail IM, Qari HA (2020a) Recent advances in metal decorated nanomaterials and their various biological applications: a review. Front Chem 8:341
Ahmad W, Jaiswal KK, Soni S (2020b) Green synthesis of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles by using Mentha arvensis leaves extract and its antimicrobial properties. Inorg Nano-Met Chem 5(10):1–7
Al-Zaqri N, Yaakop AS, Umar K (2022) Potato waste as an effective source of electron generation and bioremediation of pollutant through benthic microbial fuel cell. Sustain Energy Technol Assess 53:102560
Al-Zaqri N, Alamzeb M, Hussain F, Oh S-E, Umar K (2023) Bioenergy generation and phenol degradation through microbial fuel cells energized by domestic organic waste. Molecules 28:4349
Amira SY, Ahmad A (2021) Application of microbial fuel cells energized by oil palm trunk sap (OPTS) to remove the toxic metal from synthetic wastewater with generation of electricity. Appl Nanosci 11:1949–1961
Bakar MABA, Kim H-C, Ahmad A, Alshammari MB, Yaakop AS (2022) Oxidation of food waste as an organic substrate in a single chamber microbial fuel cell to remove the pollutant with energy generation. Sustain Energy Technol Assess 52:102282
Bhawani SA, Ismail Abdulrahman RM (2021) Utilization of mangifera Indica as substrate to bioremediate the toxic metals and generate the bioenergy through a single-chamber microbial fuel cell. J Chem 2021:1–8
Cai T, Meng L, Chen G, Xi Y, Jiang N, Song J, Zheng S, Liu Y, Zhen G, Huang M (2020) Application of advanced anodes in microbial fuel cells for power generation: a review. Chemosphere 248:125985
Chiu W-T, Chang T-FM, Sone M, Tixier-Mita A, Toshiyoshi H (2020) Roles of TiO2 in the highly robust Au nanoparticles-TiO2 modified polyaniline electrode towards non-enzymatic sensing of glucose. Talanta 212:120780
Choi C, Hu N, Lim B (2014) Cadmium recovery by coupling double microbial fuel cells. Biores Technol 170:361–369
Chorbadzhiyska E, Bardarov I, Hubenova Y, Mitov M (2020) Graphite-metal oxide composites as potential anodic catalysts for microbial fuel cells. Catalysts 10:796
Choudhury P, Ray RN, Bandyopadhyay TK, Basak B, Muthuraj M, Bhunia B (2021) Process engineering for stable power recovery from dairy wastewater using microbial fuel cell. Int J Hydrogen Energy 46:3171–3182
Christwardana M, Frattini D, Accardo G, Yoon SP, Kwon Y (2018) Effects of methylene blue and methyl red mediators on performance of yeast based microbial fuel cells adopting polyethylenimine coated carbon felt as anode. J Power Sour 396:1–11
Daud NNM, Umar K (2022) The impact of biomass-derived electrodes on the electrochemical performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs), Microbial Fuel Cells: emerging trends in electrochemical applications. IOP Publishing Bristol, UK, pp 6-1–6-22
Deng C, Ma C, Lau ML, Skinner P, Liu Y, Xu W, Zhou H, Ren Y, Yin Y, Williford B (2019) Amorphous and crystalline TiO2 nanoparticle negative electrodes for sodium-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 321:134723
Durmus Z, Kurt BZ, Durmus A (2019) Synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide/zinc oxide (GO/ZnO) nanocomposite and its utilization for photocatalytic degradation of basic Fuchsin dye. Chem Sel 4:271–278
Ealias AM, Saravanakumar M (2017) A review on the classification, characterisation, synthesis of nanoparticles and their application. In: IOP conference series materials science engineering, p 032019
El-Shafai NM, El-Khouly ME, El-Kemary M, Ramadan MS, Derbalah AS, Masoud MS (2019) Fabrication and characterization of graphene oxide–titanium dioxide nanocomposite for degradation of some toxic insecticides. J Ind Eng Chem 69:315–323
Fadzli F, Yaakop A (2022) Benthic microbial fuel cells: A sustainable approach for metal remediation and electricity generation from sapodilla waste. Int J Environ Sci Technol 20(4):1–14
Fadzli FS, Bhawani SA, Adam Mohammad RE (2021a): Microbial fuel cell: recent developments in organic substrate use and bacterial electrode interaction. J Chem 2021
Fadzli FS, Rashid M, Yaqoob AA, Ibrahim MNM (2021) Electricity generation and heavy metal remediation by utilizing yam (Dioscorea alata) waste in benthic microbial fuel cells (BMFCs). Biochem Eng J 172:108067
Ghisellini P, Ulgiati S (2020) Circular economy transition in Italy. Achievements, perspectives and constraints. J Clean Prod 243: 118360
Gnana kumar G, Kirubaharan CJ, Udhayakumar S, Karthikeyan C, Nahm KS, (2014) Conductive polymer/graphene supported platinum nanoparticles as anode catalysts for the extended power generation of microbial fuel cells. Ind Eng Chem Res 53:16883–16893
Guerrero-Barajas C, Ibrahim MNM, Umar K, Yaakop AS (2022) Local fruit wastes driven benthic microbial fuel cell: A sustainable approach to toxic metal removal and bioelectricity generation. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29:32913–32928
Guerrero-Barajas C, Alshammari MB (2023): Advanced technologies for wastewater treatment. Green Chem Sustain Water Purif 179–202
Han D, Wu S, Zhang S, Deng Y, Cui C, Zhang L, Long Y, Li H, Tao Y, Weng Z (2020) A corrosion-resistant and dendrite-free zinc metal anode in aqueous systems. Small 16:2001736
Heilmann J, Logan BE (2006) Production of electricity from proteins using a microbial fuel cell. Water Environ Res 78:531–537
Hong Y, Call DF, Werner CM, Logan BE (2011) Adaptation to high current using low external resistances eliminates power overshoot in microbial fuel cells. Biosens Bioelectron 28:71–76
Ibrahim MNM, Al-Zaqri N (2023) A pilot trial in the remediation of pollutants simultaneously with bioenergy generation through microbial fuel cell. J Environ Chem Eng 11:110643
Idris MO, Kim H-C (2022) Exploring the effectiveness of microbial fuel cell for the degradation of organic pollutants coupled with bio-energy generation. Sustain Energy Technol Assess 52:102183
Idris MO, Noh NAM, Daud NNM (2022) Electrochemical measurements of microbial fuel cells (MFCs), Microbial fuel cells for environmental remediation. Springer, New York, pp 41–64
Idris MO, Guerrero-Barajas C, Kim H-C (2023a) Scalability of biomass-derived graphene derivative materials as viable anode electrode for a commercialized microbial fuel cell: a systematic review. Chin J Chem Eng 55:277–292
Idris MO, Noh NAM, Hussin MH, Shukri IAM, Hamidon TS (2023b) Simultaneous naphthalene degradation and electricity production in a biowaste-powered microbial fuel cell. Chemosphere 340: 139985
Islam A, Ahmad A, Laskar MA (2012) Preparation, characterization of a novel chelating resin functionalized with o-hydroxybenzamide and its application for preconcentration of trace metal ions. Clean: Soil, Air, Water 40:54–65
Jia J, Tang Y, Liu B, Wu D, Ren N, Xing D (2013) Electricity generation from food wastes and microbial community structure in microbial fuel cells. Biores Technol 144:94–99
Kamyab H, Chellappan S, Tavakkoli O, Mesbah M, Bhutto JK, Khademi T, Kirpichnikova I, Ahmad A, Alijohani AA (2022) A review on carbon-based molecularly-imprinted polymers (CBMIP) for detection of hazardous pollutants in aqueous solutions. Chemosphere 136471
Kanwal A, Siddique A, Bhawani SA, Umar K (2021) Hybrid nanocomposites based on graphene and its derivatives: from preparation to applications. Graphene and nanoparticles hybrid nanocomposites: from preparation to applications, 261–281
Khatoon A, Mohd Setapar SH, Parveen T, Rafatullah M (2020) Outlook on the role of microbial fuel cells in remediation of environmental pollutants with electricity generation. Catalysts 10:819
Kim JR, Min B, Logan BE (2005) Evaluation of procedures to acclimate a microbial fuel cell for electricity production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 68:23–30
Kirubaharan CJ, Santhakumar K, Senthilkumar N, Jang J-H (2015) Nitrogen doped graphene sheets as metal free anode catalysts for the high performance microbial fuel cells. Int J Hydrogen Energy 40:13061–13070
Kirubaharan CJ, Yoo DJ, Kim AR (2016) Graphene/poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/Fe3O4 nanocomposite: an efficient oxygen reduction catalyst for the continuous electricity production from wastewater treatment microbial fuel cells. Int J Hydrogen Energy 41:13208–13219
Kirubaharan CJ, Kumar GG, Sha C, Zhou D, Yang H, Nahm KS, Raj BS, Zhang Y, Yong Y-C (2019) Facile fabrication of Au@ polyaniline core-shell nanocomposite as efficient anodic catalyst for microbial fuel cells. Electrochim Acta 328:135136
Kurnia JC, Sasmito AP, Shamim T (2019) Advances in proton exchange membrane fuel cell with dead-end anode operation: a review. Appl Energy 252:113416
Li M, Zhou M, Tian X, Tan C, McDaniel CT, Hassett DJ, Gu T (2018) Microbial fuel cell (MFC) power performance improvement through enhanced microbial electrogenicity. Biotechnol Adv 36:1316–1327
Li M, Zhou S, Xu Y (2019) Performance of Pb (II) reduction on different cathodes of microbial electrolysis cell driven by Cr (VI)-reduced microbial fuel cell. J Power Sour 418:1–10
Li S, Cheng C, Thomas A (2017) Carbon-based microbial-fuel-cell electrodes: from conductive supports to active catalysts. Adv Mater 29:1602547
Liu L, Chou T-Y, Lee C-Y, Lee D-J, Su A, Lai J-Y (2016) Performance of freshwater sediment microbial fuel cells: Consistency. Int J Hydrogen Energy 41:4504–4508
Logan BE, Hamelers B, Rozendal R, Schröder U, Keller J, Freguia S, Aelterman P, Verstraete W, Rabaey K (2006) Microbial fuel cells: methodology and technology. Environ Sci Technol 40:5181–5192
Logan BE, Regan JM (2006) Microbial fuel cells—challenges and applications. Environ Sci Technol 40:5172–5180
Mishra P, Sharma S, Jain R (2017) Carbon electrodes for bio-electricity generation in microbial fuel cells. J Indian Chem Soc 94:1–8
Noh NAM (2023) Sustainable microbial fuel cell functionalized with a bio-waste: a feasible route to formaldehyde bioremediation along with bioelectricity generation. Chem Eng J 455:140781
Palanisamy G, Jung H-Y, Sadhasivam T, Kurkuri MD, Kim SC, Roh S-H (2019) A comprehensive review on microbial fuel cell technologies: Processes, utilization, and advanced developments in electrodes and membranes. J Clean Prod 221:598–621
Peng X, Yu H, Ai L, Li N, Wang X (2013) Time behavior and capacitance analysis of nano-Fe3O4 added microbial fuel cells. Biores Technol 144:689–692
Rafatullah M, Chua YS, Umar K (2020) Recent advances in anodes for microbial fuel cells: an overview. Materials 13:2078
Rodríguez-Couto S (2020) Development and modification of materials to build cost-effective anodes for microbial fuel cells (MFCs): an overview. Biochem Eng J 164:107779
Scott K, Rimbu G, Katuri K, Prasad K, Head I (2007) Application of modified carbon anodes in microbial fuel cells. Process Saf Environ Prot 85:481–488
Sekeri SH, Azmi MN, Hussin MH, Othman MBH, Malik MFIA (2020) Preparation and characterization of nanosized lignin from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) biomass as a novel emulsifying agent. Int J Biol Macromol 164:3114–3124
Sekeri SH, Othman MBH, Feizi ZH (2021) Thermal degradation and kinetics stability studies of oil palm (Elaeis Guineensis) biomass-derived lignin nanoparticle and its application as an emulsifying agent. Arab J Chem 14:103182
Senthilkumar N, Aziz MA, Pannipara M, Alphonsa AT, Al-Sehemi AG, Balasubramani A (2020) Waste paper derived three-dimensional carbon aerogel integrated with ceria/nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide as freestanding anode for high performance and durable microbial fuel cells. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 43:97–109
Serrà A, Bhawani SA, Ibrahim MNM, Khan A, Alorfi HS, Asiri AM, Hussein MA, Khan I, Umar K (2022) Utilizing biomass-based graphene oxide–polyaniline–ag electrodes in microbial fuel cells to boost energy generation and heavy metal removal. Polymers 14:845
Shahriary L, Athawale AA (2014) Graphene oxide synthesized by using modified hummers approach. Int J Renew Energy Environ Eng 2:58–63
Sharma V, Kundu P (2010) Biocatalysts in microbial fuel cells. Enzyme Microb Technol 47:179–188
Shashanka R, Esgin H, Yilmaz VM, Caglar Y (2020) Fabrication and characterization of green synthesized ZnO nanoparticle based dye-sensitized solar cell. J Sci Adv Mater Dev 5(2):185–191
Solanki K, Subramanian S, Basu S (2013) Microbial fuel cells for azo dye treatment with electricity generation: a review. Biores Technol 131:564–571
Thepsuparungsikul N, Ng T, Lefebvre O, Ng H (2014) Different types of carbon nanotube-based anodes to improve microbial fuel cell performance. Water Sci Technol 69:1900–1910
Tsai H-Y, Wu C-C, Lee C-Y, Shih EP (2009) Microbial fuel cell performance of multiwall carbon nanotubes on carbon cloth as electrodes. J Power Sour 194:199–205
Umar K (2021) Electrode material as anode for improving the electrochemical performance of microbial fuel cells, Energy Storage Battery Systems-Fundamentals and Applications. IntechOpen
Umar MF, Rafatullah M, Ibrahim MNM, Ismail N (2021) Bioelectricity production and xylene biodegradation through double chamber benthic microbial fuel cells fed with sugarcane waste as a substrate. J Hazard Mater 419:126469
Wang Y, Zhao C-e, Sun D, Zhang J-R, Zhu J-J (2013) A graphene/poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) hybrid as an anode for high-performance microbial fuel cells. ChemPlusChem 78:823
Yaqoob AA, Ibrahim MNM, Yaakop AS, Umar K, Ahmad A (2020) Modified graphene oxide anode: a bioinspired waste material for bioremediation of Pb2+ with energy generation through microbial fuel cells. Chem Eng J 417:128052
Yaqoob AA, Ibrahim MNM, Rodríguez-Couto S, Ahmad A (2021a) Preparation, characterization, and application of modified carbonized lignin as an anode for sustainable microbial fuel cell. Process Saf Environ Prot 155:49–60
Yaqoob AA, Mohamad Ibrahim MN, Umar K, Bhawani SA, Khan A, Asiri AM, Khan MR, Azam M, AlAmmari AM (2021b) Cellulose derived graphene/polyaniline nanocomposite anode for energy generation and bioremediation of toxic metals via benthic microbial fuel cells. Polymers 13:135
Yaqoob AA, Ibrahim MNM, Yaakop AS, Rafatullah M (2022) Utilization of biomass-derived electrodes: a journey toward the high performance of microbial fuel cells. Appl Water Sci 12:1–20
Zhang H, Wang X, Li N, Xia J, Meng Q, Ding J, Lu J (2018) Synthesis and characterization of TiO2/graphene oxide nanocomposites for photoreduction of heavy metal ions in reverse osmosis concentrate. RSC Adv 8:34241–34251
Zhao Y, Nakanishi S, Watanabe K, Hashimoto K (2011) Hydroxylated and aminated polyaniline nanowire networks for improving anode performance in microbial fuel cells. J Biosci Bioeng 112:63–66
Acknowledgements
The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at Northern Border University, Arar.
Funding
KSA for funding this research work through the project number “NBU-FFR-2023–0053.”
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
ASA contributed to conceptualization, methodology, writing–original draft preparation, visualization, english editing of the manuscript, supervision, and funding acquisition. This article has been read and approved by the listed author.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Consent to participate
Not applicable
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
Ethics approval
Not applicable
Additional information
Editorial responsibility: N. Aryal.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Alshammari, A.S. Impact of lignocellulosic biomass-derived graphene-titanium oxide nanocomposite as an electrode for sustainable performance in microbial fuel cell. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 21, 5185–5202 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-023-05348-z
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-023-05348-z