Abstract
Evaporation from the water surface is one of the important topics in management and decision making for water resources. For this reason, measuring the evaporation rate is highlighted. In this study, the evaporation equation is determined with appropriate accuracy by constructing a laboratory device at first. Then, the evaporation rate of the water surfaces covered with photovoltaic panels is calculated and presented in the form of a new experimental equation. The proposed experimental equation is examined and analyzed in different modes and is validated by laboratory data. According to the results, the predicted value by this equation has an average error of about 10.53%, which is acceptable compared to other equations. According to the results, the application of photovoltaic panels on the lake dam surface by 25, 50, 75, and 100% reduces water evaporation by 16.36, 23.28, 43.28, and 69%, respectively. This indicates less evaporation in the surface covered by the panel.
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Acknowledgements
Maziar Asmani expresses his thankfulness to the great professor, Mohammad Saleh Pordel for encouraging him. Also, he would like to appreciate the Energy Laboratory of the Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, for assisting in establishing and operating the laboratory device.
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This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
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Asmani, M., Bashirnezhad, K., Shahabi, P.B. et al. Determining an equation for estimating the evaporation from water surfaces covered with photovoltaic panels. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 20, 10661–10672 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-023-04910-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-023-04910-z