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The association between Pinus halepensis and the Ectomycorrhizal fungus Scleroderma enhanced the phytoremediation of a polymetal-contaminated soil

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Abstract

The present paper aims to study the phytoremediation of a polymetallic abandoned mine site in the northwest of Marrakesh, Morocco, by exploring the potential of the symbiotic relationship between Pinus halepensis and the ectomycorrhizal fungi belonging to the Scleroderma genus. This process was combined with the use of sand to neutralize the acidic mine tailings (pH < 3) and to stabilize the heavy metals. Inoculated and non-inoculated plants were grown under greenhouse conditions in a substrate containing different proportions of mine tailings: 0%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% mixed with sand as an amendment. After a growth period of six months, the results showed a significant increase (p \(\le\) 0.05) of the pH (11%) and the electrical conductivity of the substrate (29%). Moreover, these treatments significantly increased (p \(\le\) 0.05) the amounts of metallic trace elements, lead (39%), cadmium (22%) and zinc (28%) in the roots of inoculated seedlings compared to non-inoculated ones. The bioaccumulation factor reached a value higher than 1, and the translocation factor recorded a value below 1 particularly for zinc in all treatments and for copper and lead in the 25%, 50% and 75% treatments, indicating that Pinus halepensis has the ability to accumulate significant concentrations of these metals in its roots, thus making a suitable plant for phytoremediation or phytostabilization programs. The results of this study also revealed that the mine tailing amendment had a significant impact on the efficiency of the phytoremediation process toward the metals detected in these polluted soils.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the operating staff of the Laboratories (BioMAgE) and (CNEREE). We thank all reviewers and the coordinating editor for their comments and suggestions that helped to improve the manuscript. The authors thank Dr. Issam jadrane for the language revision of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Polyvalent Laboratory in Research and Development, Beni Mellal Polydisciplinary Faculty, Beni Mellal, Morocco

    E. Ouatiki, A. Tounsi & S. Amir

  2. Polydisciplinary Faculty Beni Mellal, Research Team in Applied Chemistry and Modeling ERCAM, Beni Mellal, Morocco

    E. Ouatiki & A. Tounsi

  3. Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agro-Sciences and Environment (BioMAgE), Labeled Research Unit-CNRST N° 4., Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco

    E. Ouatiki, M. Radi & L. Ouahmane

  4. Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco

    L. Midhat & F. Aziz

  5. National Center for Research and Studies On Water and Energy (CNEREE), Cadi Ayyad University, BP/511, 40 000, Marrakesh, Morocco

    L. Midhat & F. Aziz

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  1. E. Ouatiki
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Correspondence to L. Ouahmane.

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Editorial responsibility: Bivin Thomas.

This study focuses on the combination of a native plant species Pinus halepensis and the ectomycorrhizal fungus belonging to the Scleroderma genus in a phytoremediation strategy of a polymetallic abandoned mine site. The originality of this work lies in the choice of the plant species and the symbiotic fungus and their combination in a mine tailing amended with sand.

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Ouatiki, E., Midhat, L., Tounsi, A. et al. The association between Pinus halepensis and the Ectomycorrhizal fungus Scleroderma enhanced the phytoremediation of a polymetal-contaminated soil. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 19, 12537–12550 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-022-03993-4

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