Abstract
Spherical activated carbons from polymer resin were developed with metal modifications, before/after carbonization using copper and nickel, for gradation of zeta potential (−5.01 to 8.64 mV) and high metal loading (up to 12.3%). The materials provide improved removal of various contaminants from aqueous and organic streams—removal of bacteria from water and sulfur removal from fuel. The metal-modified spherical activated carbons were highly effective for removal of both gram-negative E. coli and gram-positive S. aureus bacteria. The copper-modified spherical activated carbon could eliminate 99.9–100%, both bacterial content proving efficacy in water disinfection with a very high rate ~ 1.33 × 105 (CFU/ml.s). The zeta potential has significant impact with higher disinfection for high values; ~ 10–15% disinfection can be improved up to 100% for zeta potential changes from −5 to 8.6 mV. Kinetics of disinfection was studied by accounting for zeta potential in the conventional rate model, and the efficacy of both the models was compared. The fit of revised model was excellent. The spherical activated carbons can be useful for removal of slightly polar contaminants from organic streams and a high capacity of 12.8, 20 and 28 mgS/g for thiophene, benzothiophene and dibenzothiophene, respectively. The developed materials can provide useful applications in the area of environmental pollution control.
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Abbreviations
- C0 :
-
Initial concentrations of sulfur, mg/l
- Ce :
-
Equilibrium concentrations of sulfur, mg/l
- V:
-
Volume of solution, L
- m:
-
Weight of adsorbent, g
- A:
-
Initial bacterial count, CFU/ml
- B:
-
Bacterial count after 2 h of incubation, CFU/ml
- ζ:
-
Zeta potential, mV
- k:
-
Rate constant, s−1
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of DST-WTI project, DST/TM/WTI/2K16/144(C) (GAP 317526) of Department of Science and technology, India. Ms. Maya B. Mane would like to acknowledge the support from DST-Women Scientist Program Project, SR/WOS-A/ET-7/2016(G) (GAP 316926), for providing fellowship.
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Mane, M.B., Bhandari, V.M. Developing spherical activated carbons from polymeric resins for removal of contaminants from aqueous and organic streams. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 19, 10021–10040 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03684-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03684-6