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Assessment of health impacts attributed to PM10 exposure during 2015–2017 in Zabol City, Iran

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Abstract

Human respiratory and cardiovascular system is severely affected with the exposure of fine particulate matters, i.e., PM10 or PM2.5. It is also been observed that air quality index (AQI) is used in many countries to define the pollution level related to particulate matters. In this study, investigation based on statistical assessment was done to establish relationship between PM10 exposure in the Zabol city of Iran with the number of patients with respiratory, cardiovascular (heart), and tuberculosis diseases. The data during the period of 2015–2017 were collected using gravitational dust sampling method from Zabol treatment centers in order to establish relation with PM10 exposure. The data set was analyzed using different statically tool as well as descriptive methods for accuracy. In this study, level of air quality index variation with different environmental condition for Zabol city was also been done. It has been observed during this study that during summer the average PM10 concentration (426 μg/m3) was observed to be higher which may be attributed to suspension of particulate matter is accelerated in the presence of heat waves. It was also observed that during the study period, almost four seasons show sign of respiratory disease effect on cardiovascular disease. It is also to report that pulmonary diseases have no effect on cardiovascular diseases. It was also seen during the study that cardiovascular diseases have no influence with the seasonal variation of Zabol city. Respiratory diseases and heart diseases are closely related to the four seasons. Respiratory and heart diseases were found to be statistically significant correlations among all seasons and year. Finally, cardiovascular diseases showed no influence on the seasonal variation.

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Availability of data and materials (data transparency)

All data and materials, as well as the software application, used to support their published claims and comply with field standards.

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Not available.

Abbreviations

AQI:

Air quality index

USEPA:

United States Environmental Protection Agency

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

PMs:

Particulate matters

WHO:

World Health Organization

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Research Assistance of Zabol University of Medical Sciences (No. IR.ZBMU. REC.1397.079) for financial and spiritual. We also thank Prof. M. H. Dehghani of the Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran, for his contributions and advice during this study.

Funding

This paper is the result of the approved project at Zabol University of Medical Sciences under No. IR.ZBMU.REC.1397.079.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Health, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran

    S. Ahmadi & S. H. Sharki

  2. Industrial and Production Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

    C. D. Ezeliora

  3. Environmental and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany

    C. Osagie

  4. Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa

    S. Ghosh

  5. Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

    C. A. Igwegbe

  6. Civil Engineering Department, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India

    N. A. Khan

Authors
  1. S. Ahmadi
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  2. C. D. Ezeliora
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  3. S. H. Sharki
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  4. C. Osagie
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  5. S. Ghosh
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  6. C. A. Igwegbe
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  7. N. A. Khan
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Contributions

SA was involved in conceptualization; CDE and SHS helped in analysis; SA, DCE, and CAI contributed to writing; SG, NAK, CAI were involved in editing; CAI and S helped in supervision.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to C. A. Igwegbe.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving animals were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institution at which the studies were conducted and ethical approval was obtained from Zabol University of Medical Sciences Research Ethics Committee.

Additional information

Editorial responsibility: S. Rangabhashiyam.

Supplementary Information

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Supplementary file1 (DOCX 748 kb)

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Ahmadi, S., Ezeliora, C.D., Sharki, S.H. et al. Assessment of health impacts attributed to PM10 exposure during 2015–2017 in Zabol City, Iran. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 19, 4123–4136 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03587-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03587-6

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