Abstract
The role of technological innovation in lowering the pollution is motivated by the rise of global emissions. Technological innovation for carbon dioxide mitigation mainly focuses on the role of patents ignoring trademarks. This study tests the role of eco-patents and trademarks for carbon dioxide alleviation using data from 2000 to 2018. This study introduces a new interaction term by combining trademarks and eco-patents and examining the role of environmental policy, energy consumption, environmental taxes, urbanization, and economic growth on the environment. The panel effect is tested using the Nonlinear ARDL and OLS methods, whereas country-specific results are estimated using the Granger causality approach. The outcomes reveal that trademarks and eco-patents decrease carbon dioxide emission; however, energy consumption, urbanization and economic growth are the main polluters in both regions. Environmental policies and taxes have a significant impact on the western region’s mitigation efforts, while insignificant evidence is found for the southern region. Unidirectional and bidirectional causal relationships are observed among the variables; still, the outcomes are country-specific. The study also provides policy implications based on the results.
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The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Notes
Very high air pollution levels across Western Europe, https://www.eea.europa.eu/highlights/very-high-air-pollution-levels/
Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) statistics, https://stats.oecd.org/
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Adnan Khurshid was involved in concept & methodology; Adnan Khurshid and Abdur Rauf were involved in formal analysis and investigation; Adnan Khurshid and Abdur Rauf were involved in writing—original draft preparation; Adnan Khurshid and Adrian Cantemir Calin weres involved in writing—review and editing; no funding was received; Adnan Khurshid was involved in resources; Adnan Khurshid was involved in supervision.
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Communicated by Parveen Fatemeh Rupani.
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Khurshid, A., Rauf, A., Calin, A.C. et al. Technological innovations for environmental protection: role of intellectual property rights in the carbon mitigation efforts. Evidence from western and southern Europe. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 19, 3919–3934 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03491-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03491-z