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Evaluation of the effect of a new alternative fuel containing boron and hydrogen on gasoline engine performance and emission responses

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Abstract

In this research, the impacts of the use of a new fuel additive called octamix, which is obtained by mixing trioctyl borate as a boron source, ammonia borane as a hydrogen enhancer and ethyl alcohol, on the performance and emission values in a gasoline engine have been investigated experimentally. The experiments were carried out using four different fuel mixtures obtained by mixing octamix with gasoline at 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 3% by volume and pure gasoline at different engine load values in a single cylinder spark ignition engine. While brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption were evaluated as performance parameters, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide were taken into consideration as emission responses. Experimental results revealed that using octamix higher than 0.5% was not efficient in terms of performance and emission. With the use of a fuel blend containing 0.5% octamix, overall emission and performance values improved but deteriorated with other octamix-containing fuels. According to the results, it can be said that octamix fuel is more suitable for use as a fuel additive rather than as a stand-alone fuel for gasoline engines and the use of only 0.5% octamix-containing fuel mixture is efficient.

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Abbreviations

H3NBH3 :

Ammonia borane

(NH4)2CO3 :

Ammonium carbonate

NH4OH:

Ammonium hydroxide

H3BO3 :

Boric acid

NHBH4 :

Borohydride salt

BSFC:

Brake specific fuel consumption

BTE:

Brake thermal efficiency

CO:

Carbon monoxide

CO2 :

Carbon dioxide

CH3OH:

Methanol

HC:

Hydrocarbon

100G:

100% Gasoline

0.5OCT-G:

99.5% Gasoline + 0.5% Octamix

1OCT-G:

99% Gasoline + 1% Octamix

2OCT-G:

98% Gasoline + 2% Octamix

3OCT-G:

97% Gasoline + 3% Octamix

NOx :

Nitrogen oxide

C8H18O:

1-Octanol

NaBH4 :

Sodium borohydride

THF:

Tetrahydrofuran

C24H51BO3 :

Trioctyl borate

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank all who assisted in conducting this work.

Funding

No financial support was received from any institution or organization for this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical Engineering Department, Istanbul Aydın University, Istanbul, Turkey

    S. Simsek

  2. Mechanical Engineering Department, Karabuk University, Karabük, Turkey

    S. Uslu

  3. Machinery and Metal Technologies Department, Tekirdaǧ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey

    H. Simsek

Authors
  1. S. Simsek
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  2. S. Uslu
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  3. H. Simsek
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Contributions

SS and HS designed the entire experiments. SU established the model, analyzed the results> and wrote the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. Uslu.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. The authors acknowledge that no financial interest or benefit has been raised from the direct applications of their research.

Ethical approval

Ethical approval for this study was not sought.

Additional information

Editorial responsibility: J Aravind.

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Simsek, S., Uslu, S. & Simsek, H. Evaluation of the effect of a new alternative fuel containing boron and hydrogen on gasoline engine performance and emission responses. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 19, 4913–4922 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03460-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03460-6

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